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  "map_content": "Opinion\r\nGuest Essay\r\n\r\nCrypto Is Pointless. Not Even the White House Can Fix That.\r\nFeb. 26, 2026\r\nBy Ryan Cummings and Jared Bernstein\r\nhttps://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/26/opinion/crypto-trump-bitcoin-clarity-genius.html\r\n\r\nMr. Cummings was a member of President Joe Biden\u2019s Council of Economic Advisers, on which Mr. Bernstein served as chair.\r\n\r\n \r\nSince its peak last fall, Bitcoin, the world\u2019s largest cryptocurrency, has lost almost half its value. Nearly $2 trillion of wealth has evaporated from the global crypto market since October.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nWe have one question. What took so long? Outside of crimes and scams, the technology is useless, and its economics are even worse.\r\nThe answer is that crypto was held aloft for months by a period of euphoria that followed the extraordinary support the industry gained in the Trump administration. The crypto bros who spent millions getting Donald Trump elected seemed to get virtually everything they might want: a longtime industry investor elevated to White House adviser; one type of crypto given the imprimatur of the federal government; the near annihilation of effective regulatory scrutiny; invitations to White House dinners hosted by Mr. Trump.\r\nBut instead of cementing crypto\u2019s legitimacy, the administration has only pulled back the curtain on the fundamental worthlessness of its assets. At a time when investors have grown skittish about riskier assets, the value of Bitcoin has fallen nearly 50 percent since October, dropping to below $70,000, proving it was only a matter of time before crypto faced the critical lens it always needed but never truly received.\r\nWhen we entered the White House in 2021, crypto was lobbying up faster than any industry we\u2019ve ever seen. Eager to shape its regulatory future and enter the world of mainstream finance, the industry hired an army of lobbyists to draft laws and regulations giving its notoriously volatile currencies the backing and legitimacy of our government. By doing so, its major investors believed, they could elevate the \u201csystemic importance\u201d of crypto so that they could be made whole from any future crash via a potentially taxpayer-funded bailout. One of the industry\u2019s main facilitators, Senator Cynthia Lummis, a Wyoming Republican nicknamed the Crypto Queen, received over $50,000 in campaign contributions from the crypto industry and investors just weeks before sponsoring a pro-crypto bill.\r\nIn our role as government economists, we initially kept an open mind about crypto\u2019s potential merits. From 2021 to 2022 we sat in dozens of meetings in which crypto firms and their backers assured us that the blockchain, the technology underlying crypto, would do everything from increase access to the financial system to replace the internet as we knew it.\r\nYet when we asked independent experts about these claims, we encountered sharp pushback. If this technology is that revolutionary, why weren\u2019t any of the giant tech firms using it? Were they too shortsighted to see the technological revolution unfolding before them? Or was the technology \u2014 which we learned was essentially a painfully slow and expensive database \u2014 just not that special?\r\n\r\nAs economists of the Council of Economic Advisers, we aired our concerns in the 2023 Economic Report of the President. Crypto is at best a form of private money, which has a long history of ending up in financial ruin. At worst, it is a speculative and highly volatile asset with almost no practical use, whose backers were (and still are) constantly trying to embed it into the financial system, both to increase its adoption and, should the market nosedive, stick taxpayers with the bill.\r\nGiven our research and the collapse of the major crypto firm FTX due to fraudulent activity of its founder, Sam Bankman-Fried, the Biden administration adopted a cautious approach that included increasingly aggressive regulatory efforts to curb scams and frauds. Many other prominent crypto firms also collapsed in that period, leading to a huge sell-off of Bitcoin and similar currencies.\r\nThis period \u2014 referred to as \u201ccrypto winter\u201d\u2014 could have led to a deeper evaluation of whether crypto was delivering its promised benefits. Instead, the industry concluded that it had to control more of the rules that govern crypto\u2019s standing in financial markets. That, in turn, meant they needed to buy a lot more political power. So, in 2024, they lavished over $100 million on pro-crypto candidates including Mr. Trump.\r\nHe swiftly made good on his vow to be a friend of the industry. He helped push through legislation that brought stablecoins firmly inside the regulatory perimeter of the U.S. banking system. And with the longtime crypto investor David Sacks working as Mr. Trump\u2019s \u201cA.I. and crypto czar,\u201d he endorsed a range of other actions to bolster the industry and foster crypto\u2019s broad adoption. Now, Senator Lummis and her Republican colleague Bernie Moreno of Ohio, who was elected with the help of the industry, are pushing to set up a government-funded reserve whose sole purpose appears to be to juice the value of Bitcoin.\r\nThe administration is also working to pass a bill known as the Clarity Act. Not only would it give the government\u2019s regulatory blessing to an additional set of cryptocurrencies, it would allow small cryptocurrencies to pitch themselves to ordinary investors without any of the consumer protections that commonly accompany such securities \u2014 a recipe ripe for disaster.\r\n\r\nNaturally, the administration\u2019s moves initially sent crypto values soaring, with the price of Bitcoin rising almost 20 percent in the 10 months after Mr. Trump\u2019s 2025 inauguration.\r\nYet all of that financial and government support, accompanied by a period of soaring crypto values, still failed to win over consumers. The share of Americans holding crypto has been stuck at around 30 percent for the past four years. Demand is so slack that the owners of the heavy-duty hardware that mines new crypto are increasingly turning it into A.I. data centers. At the same time, investors worried about an A.I. bubble are increasingly ditching riskier, more speculative assets \u2014 the more speculative the asset, the earlier it was punished. That explains why Bitcoin started plummeting three weeks before tech stocks began to wobble. Clearly, despite its many wins in Washington, crypto has made little progress on its attempts to be integrated into the real economy.\r\nOf course, the industry may simply have erred in tying its fortunes to Mr. Trump. He and his family have already harvested an estimated $1.4 billion from various cryptocurrencies. As Paul Krugman has argued, these crypto geniuses may have bought themselves the wrong president.\r\nThere will be freshmen entering college this year who were born after Bitcoin\u2019s debut. Yet in all this time, with the exception of individuals using it to wire money to recipients in other countries, crypto seems to have mainly proved itself adept at facilitating criminal activity. Just this week, the crypto firm Binance, whose founder was pardoned by Mr. Trump in October for violating money-laundering laws, fired or suspended several employees who found that $1.7 billion in cryptocurrencies \u201chad flowed from two Binance accounts to Iranian entities with links to terrorist groups,\u201d The Times reported.\r\nNo one can say with certainty what crypto will be worth in the future. But with what we view as the most crypto-friendly administration, and friendly members of Congress, its boosters have run out of excuses. 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\ud615\ud0dc\uc77c \ubfd0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uc545\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc6a9\ub3c4\uac00 \uac70\uc758 \uc5c6\ub294 \ud22c\uae30\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ubcc0\ub3d9\uc131\uc774 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ud070 \uc790\uc0b0\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uc9c0\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0 \ucc44\ud0dd\uc744 \ub298\ub9ac\uace0, \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc774 \uae09\ub77d\ud560 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ub0a9\uc138\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uccad\uad6c\uc11c\ub97c \ub5a0\ub118\uae30\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc774\ub97c \uae08\uc735 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0 \ub04a\uc784\uc5c6\uc774 \uc2ec\uc73c\ub824 \ub178\ub825\ud574 \uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n\uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc640 \uc124\ub9bd\uc790 \uc0d8 \ubc45\ud06c\uba3c-\ud504\ub9ac\ub4dc\uc758 \uc0ac\uae30 \ud589\uc704\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \ub300\ud615 \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0 \uae30\uc5c5 FTX\uc758 \ubd95\uad34\ub97c \uc9c0\ucf1c\ubcf4\uba70, \ubc14\uc774\ub4e0 \ud589\uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc0ac\uae30\uc640 \uae30\ub9cc\uc744 \uc5b5\uc81c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uacf5\uaca9\uc801\uc778 \uaddc\uc81c \ub178\ub825\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uc2e0\uc911\ud55c \uc811\uadfc \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \ucc44\ud0dd\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc720\uba85 \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0 \uae30\uc5c5\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ubb34\ub108\uc84c\uace0, \uc774\ub294 \ube44\ud2b8\ucf54\uc778\uacfc \uc720\uc0ac \ud654\ud3d0\ub4e4\uc758 \ub300\ub7c9 \ub9e4\ub3c4\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n\uc18c\uc704 '\ud06c\ub9bd\ud1a0 \uc708\ud130(\uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0\uc758 \uaca8\uc6b8)'\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\ub294 \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0\uac00 \uc57d\uc18d\ud55c \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \uc815\ub9d0 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae4a\uc740 \ud3c9\uac00\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c8 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc5c5\uacc4\ub294 \ub300\uc2e0 \uae08\uc735 \uc2dc\uc7a5 \ub0b4 \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\ub294 \uaddc\uce59\uc744 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc774 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uacb0\ub860\uc744 \ub0b4\ub838\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uacb0\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \uc0ac\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c 2024\ub144, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uce5c(\u89aa)\uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0 \ud6c4\ubcf4\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c 1\uc5b5 \ub2ec\ub7ec\uac00 \ub118\ub294 \ub3c8\uc744 \uc544\ub08c\uc5c6\uc774 \uc3df\uc544\ubd80\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n\ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504\ub294 \uc5c5\uacc4\uc758 \uce5c\uad6c\uac00 \ub418\uaca0\ub2e4\ub294 \uc57d\uc18d\uc744 \uc2e0\uc18d\ud558\uac8c \uc774\ud589\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc2a4\ud14c\uc774\ube14\ucf54\uc778\uc744 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc740\ud589 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uaddc\uc81c \ubc94\uc704 \uc548\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc2e4\ud788 \ub04c\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc774\ub294 \uc785\ubc95\uc744 \ub3c4\uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc624\ub79c \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0 \ud22c\uc790\uc790\uc778 \ub370\uc774\ube44\ub4dc \uc0c9\uc2a4\uac00 \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504\uc758 'AI \ubc0f \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0 \ub2f4\ub2f9\uad00(Czar)'\uc73c\ub85c \ud65c\ub3d9\ud558\uba74\uc11c, \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc744 \uac15\ud654\ud558\uace0 \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0\uc758 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud55c \ucc44\ud0dd\uc744 \ucd09\uc9c4\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc870\uce58\ub97c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc81c \ub8e8\ubbf8\uc2a4 \uc0c1\uc6d0\uc758\uc6d0\uacfc \uc5c5\uacc4\uc758 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc73c\ub85c \ub2f9\uc120\ub41c \uc624\ud558\uc774\uc624\uc8fc\uc758 \uacf5\ud654\ub2f9 \ub3d9\ub8cc \ubc84\ub2c8 \ubaa8\ub808\ub178\ub294 \uc624\ub85c\uc9c0 \ube44\ud2b8\ucf54\uc778 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \ub04c\uc5b4\uc62c\ub9ac\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uc815\ubd80 \uc790\uae08 \uc9c0\uc6d0 '\ube44\ucd95\uace0' \uc124\ub9bd\uc744 \ucd94\uc9c4\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n\ud604 \ud589\uc815\ubd80\ub294 \ub610\ud55c '\uba85\ud655\uc131 \ubc95\uc548(Clarity Act)'\uc73c\ub85c \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \ubc95\uc548 \ud1b5\uacfc\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ub178\ub825\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubc95\uc548\uc740 \ucd94\uac00\uc801\uc778 \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0 \uc138\ud2b8\uc5d0 \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uaddc\uc81c\uc801 \ucd95\ubcf5\uc744 \ubd80\uc5ec\ud560 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc18c\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc99d\uad8c\uc5d0 \uc218\ubc18\ub418\ub294 \uc18c\ube44\uc790 \ubcf4\ud638 \uc7a5\uce58 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc77c\ubc18 \ud22c\uc790\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud64d\ubcf4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud560 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc7ac\uc559\uc744 \ucd08\ub798\ud560 \uc644\ubcbd\ud55c \ub808\uc2dc\ud53c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n\ub2f9\uc5f0\ud558\uac8c\ub3c4, \ud589\uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc784\uc740 \ucd08\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \uce58\uc19f\uac8c \ud588\uc73c\uba70, \ube44\ud2b8\ucf54\uc778 \uac00\uaca9\uc740 2025\ub144 \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504 \ucde8\uc784 \ud6c4 10\uac1c\uc6d4 \ub3d9\uc548 \uac70\uc758 20% \uc0c1\uc2b9\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc7ac\uc815\uc801, \uc815\ubd80\uc801 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uacfc \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0 \uac00\uce58\uc758 \uae09\ub4f1\uae30\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc18c\ube44\uc790\uc758 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc744 \uc0ac\ub85c\uc7a1\ub294 \ub370\ub294 \uc2e4\ud328\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0\ub97c \ubcf4\uc720\ud55c \ubbf8\uad6d\uc778\uc758 \ube44\uc728\uc740 \uc9c0\ub09c 4\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc57d 30% \uc218\uc900\uc5d0\uc11c \uba48\ucdb0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc218\uc694\uac00 \ub108\ubb34 \uc815\uccb4\ub41c \ub098\uba38\uc9c0, \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0\ub97c \ucc44\uad74\ud558\ub294 \uace0\uc131\ub2a5 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uc18c\uc720\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub97c \uc810\uc810 \ub354 AI \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc13c\ud130\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 AI \uac70\ud488\uc744 \uac71\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ud22c\uc790\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc704\ud5d8\ud558\uace0 \ud22c\uae30\uc801\uc778 \uc790\uc0b0\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc84\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc790\uc0b0\uc774 \ud22c\uae30\uc801\uc77c\uc218\ub85d \ub354 \uc77c\ucc0d \ubc8c\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uae30\uc220\uc8fc\ub4e4\uc774 \ud754\ub4e4\ub9ac\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uae30 3\uc8fc \uc804\ubd80\ud130 \ube44\ud2b8\ucf54\uc778\uc774 \uae09\ub77d\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \uc774\uc720\uac00 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774\uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \uc6cc\uc2f1\ud134\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc2b9\ub9ac\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0\ub294 \uc2e4\ubb3c \uacbd\uc81c\uc5d0 \ud1b5\ud569\ub418\ub824\ub294 \uc2dc\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \uac70\uc758 \uc9c4\uc804\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n\ubb3c\ub860, \uc5c5\uacc4\uac00 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504\uc5d0\uac8c \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc6b4\uba85\uc744 \ub9e1\uae34 \uac83\uc774 \uc2e4\uc218\uc600\uc744 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc640 \uadf8\uc758 \uac00\uc871\uc740 \uc774\ubbf8 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc57d 14\uc5b5 \ub2ec\ub7ec\ub97c \ubc8c\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc778 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\uc815\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4 \ud06c\ub8e8\uadf8\uba3c\uc774 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud588\ub4ef\uc774, \uc774 \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0 \ucc9c\uc7ac\ub4e4\uc740 '\uc798\ubabb\ub41c \ub300\ud1b5\ub839'\uc744 \uc0c0\uc744\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n\uc62c\ud574 \ub300\ud559\uc5d0 \uc785\ud559\ud558\ub294 \uc2e0\uc785\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc740 \ube44\ud2b8\ucf54\uc778\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud55c \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0 \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub09c \uc138\ub300\uc77c \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadf8 \uc624\ub79c \uc2dc\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548, \ub2e4\ub978 \ub098\ub77c \uc218\ucde8\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3c8\uc744 \uc1a1\uae08\ud558\ub294 \uac1c\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uba74, \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0\ub294 \uc8fc\ub85c \ubc94\uc8c4 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc6a9\uc774\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub2a5\uc219\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\ub9cc\uc744 \uc785\uc99d\ud574 \uc628 \uac83 \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc14\ub85c \uc774\ubc88 \uc8fc, \ud0c0\uc784\uc2a4(The Times) \ubcf4\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \uc9c0\ub09c 10\uc6d4 \uc790\uae08 \uc138\ud0c1 \ubc29\uc9c0\ubc95 \uc704\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0ac\uba74\ubc1b\uc740 \uc124\ub9bd\uc790\uac00 \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\ub294 \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0 \uae30\uc5c5 \ubc14\uc774\ub0b8\uc2a4(Binance)\ub294 \"17\uc5b5 \ub2ec\ub7ec\uc758 \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0\uac00 \ubc14\uc774\ub0b8\uc2a4 \uacc4\uc88c \ub450 \uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \ud14c\ub7ec \ub2e8\uccb4\uc640 \uc5f0\uacc4\ub41c \uc774\ub780 \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\ub85c \ud758\ub7ec \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac14\ub2e4\"\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \ubc1c\uacac\ud55c \uc9c1\uc6d0 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uba85\uc744 \ud574\uace0\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc815\uc9c1\uc2dc\ucf30\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n\ubbf8\ub798\uc5d0 \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0\uc758 \uac00\uce58\uac00 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ub420\uc9c0\ub294 \uc544\ubb34\ub3c4 \ud655\uc2e4\ud788 \ub9d0\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ubcf4\uae30\uc5d0 \uc5ed\ub300 \uac00\uc7a5 \uce5c(\u89aa)\uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0\uc801\uc778 \ud589\uc815\ubd80\uc640 \uc6b0\ud638\uc801\uc778 \uc758\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc774 \ud3ec\uc9c4\ud55c \uc9c0\uae08, \uc554\ud638\ud654\ud3d0 \uc639\ud638\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ubcc0\uba85\uc740 \ud1b5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc81c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub0a8\uc740 \uc2dc\uac04\ub3c4 \ub2e4\ud574\uac00\uace0 \uc788\uc744\uc9c0 \ubaa8\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4.",
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  "timestamp": "2026-06-14T23:52:34.000Z",
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  "thread_root_tx": null,
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  "ui_name": "Donisiya",
  "ui_display_name": "Donisiya",
  "ui_handle": "Donisiya",
  "ui_display_raw": "Donisiya",
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