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  "ref_map_content": "# Bitcoin Attestation Protocol - BAP\n> A simple protocol to create a chain of trust for any kind of data on the Bitcoin blockchain\nAuthors: Siggi\n\nSpecial thanks to Attila Aros & Satchmo\n\nInspired by the [AUTHOR IDENTITY Protocol](https://github.com/BitcoinFiles/AUTHOR_IDENTITY_PROTOCOL)\n\nNOTE: All examples in this document use fake identity keys, addresses and signatures. See the test data sets for real world examples that can be used in a test suite when developing a library.\n\n- [Intro](#intro)\n- [Protocol](#protocol)\n  * [URN - Uniform Resource Names](#urn---uniform-resource-names)\n  * [Attributes are defined at schema.org](#attributes-are-defined-at-schemaorg)\n- [Creating an identity (ID)](#creating-an-identity-id)\n- [Usage in an identity system (BAP-ID)](#usage-in-an-identity-system-bap-id)\n  * [Attesting (ATTEST)](#attesting-attest)\n  * [Verifying an identity attribute](#verifying-an-identity-attribute)\n  * [Delegating signing to another identity](#delegating-signing-to-another-identity)\n  * [Publishing Identity information (ALIAS)](#publishing-identity-information-alias)\n  * [BAP uniKey](#bap-unikey)\n- [Publishing data (DATA)](#publishing-data)\n- [Using as a Power of Attorney](#using-as-a-power-of-attorney)\n- [Blacklisting](#blacklisting)\n  * [Blacklisting transactions / addresses](#blacklisting-transactions--addresses)\n  * [Blacklisting IP addresses](#blacklisting-ip-addresses)\n  * [Final note on blacklisting](#final-note-on-blacklisting)\n- [Giving consent to access of data](#giving-consent-to-access-of-data)\n- [Simple asserts](#simple-asserts)\n- [Revoking an attestation](#revoking-an-attestation)\n- [BAP on the BSV Metanet - PROVISIONAL](#bap-on-the-bsv-metanet---provisional)\n- [BAP w3c DID - PROVISIONAL](#bap-w3c-did---provisional)\n- [Extending the protocol](#extending-the-protocol)\n\n# TODO\n- Finish DID specs - help needed\n- Request feedback\n\n# Intro\n\nThe design goals:\n\n1. A simple protocol for generic attestation of data, without the need to publish the data itself\n2. Decouple the signing with an address from the funding source address (ie: does not require any on-chain transactions from the signing identity address)\n3. Allow for rotation of signing keys without having to change the existing attestations\n4. Allow for creation of an infinite amount of identities, but still allow for proving of attested attributes between the identities\n\n# Protocol\n\nThe protocol is defined using the [Bitcom](https://bitcom.bitdb.network/) convention. The signing is done using the [AUTHOR IDENTITY Protocol](https://github.com/BitcoinFiles/AUTHOR_IDENTITY_PROTOCOL).\n\n- The prefix of the protocol is `1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT`;\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\n[ID|ATTEST|ALIAS|DATA|REVOKE]\n[ID Key|URN Attestation Hash]\n[Sequence|Address|Data]\n|\n[AIP protocol address]\n[AIP Signing Algorithm]\n[AIP Signing Address]\n[AIP Signature]\n```\nBy default, all fields are signed, so the optional indices of the AIP can be left out.\n\nThe `Sequence` is added to the transaction to prevent replay of the transaction in case of a revocation. The transaction from the same signatory, with the highest `Sequence` is the current one.\n\nThe fourth field is used for the bitcoin signing address in an `ID` transaction only.\n\nExample:\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nATTEST\nd4bcdd0f437d0d3bc588bb4e861d2e83e26e8bf9566ae541a5d43329213b1b13\n0\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1Po6MLAPJsSAGyE8sXw3CgWcgxumNGjyqm\nG8wW0NOCPFgGSoCtB2DZ+0CrLrh9ywAl0C5hnx78Q+7QNyPYzsFtkt4/TXkzkTwqbOT3Ofb1CYdNUv5a/jviPVA=\n```\n\n## URN - Uniform Resource Names\nThe protocol makes use of URN's as a data carrier for the attestation data, as defined by the [w3c](https://www.w3.org/TR/uri-clarification/).\n\nURN's look like:\n\n```\nurn:[namespace identifier]:[...URN]\n```\n\nExamples for use in BAP:\n\nIdentity:\n```\nurn:bap:id:[Attribute name]:[Attribute value]:[Nonce]\n  urn:bap:id:name:John Doe:e2c6fb4063cc04af58935737eaffc938011dff546d47b7fbb18ed346f8c4d4fa\n```\n\nAttestations:\n```\nurn:bap:attest:[Attribute hash]:[Identity key]\nurn:bap:attest:42d2396ddfc3dec6acbd96830b844a10b8b2f065e60fbd5238b5267ab086bf4f:1CCWY6EXZwNqbrtW1SXGNFWdwipYT7Ur1Q\n```\n\nThe URN is hashed using sha256 when used in a transaction sent to the blockchain.\n\n## Attributes are defined at schema.org\n\nAttributes used in BAP should be defined at https://schema.org.\n\nEspecially the Person attributes, found at https://schema.org/Person, should be used in BAP.\n\n# Creating an identity (ID)\n\nTo create a new identity in BAP, we need to create 2 private keys and compute they public keys and the corresponding addresses. For easy management of the keys, it is recommended to use an [HD Private key](https://docs.moneybutton.com/docs/bsv-hd-private-key.html) with known derivations.\n\n```\nrootAddress: 1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK\nfirstAddress: 1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo\n```\n\n\n\nSigning identities in BAP are created by linking a unique identity key with bitcoin signing addresses. The identity key should be computed as a hash of the rootAddress. This links the 2 together and prevents others from creating an identity using the same identity key to create confusion.\n\nThe identity key follows the way a Bitcoin address is hashed to reduce the size of the key.\n\n```\nidentityKey = base58( ripemd160 ( sha256 ( rootAddress ) ) )\n```\n\nExample identity key, note the hex values are fed as binary buffers to the hash functions and not as a string:\n\n```\nsha256(1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK) = c38bc59316de9783b5f7a8ba19bc5d442f6c9b0988c48a241d1c58a1f4e9ae19\nripemd160(c38bc59316de9783b5f7a8ba19bc5d442f6c9b0988c48a241d1c58a1f4e9ae19) = afb3dcf52c2c661c35c8ec6a92cecbfc691ba371\nbase58(afb3dcf52c2c661c35c8ec6a92cecbfc691ba371) = 3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\nidentityKey: 3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\n```\n\n**NOTE:** This has been changed with the release of the BAP library. This allows a verifier to link the root address to the identity key. In the past the identity key was random. Older identites created at random will still work with the BAP library, but new identities should be created in this way.\n\nTo link this identity key to the root address and the signing address, an `ID` transaction is sent to the blockchain:\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nID\n3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\n1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nThe address `1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK` associated with the first instance of the identity key on-chain, is the identity control address (or rootAddress). This address should no be used anywhere, but can be used to destroy the identity, in case the latest linked key has been compromised.\n\nWhen the signing address is rotated to a new key, a new ID transaction is created, this time signed by the previous address:\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nID\n3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\n1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nIn this way, we have created a way to rotate the signing keys for a certain identity as often as we want, with each signing key being immutably saved on the blockchain.\n\nAny signatures done for the identity key should be done using the active key at that time.\n\nTo destroy the identity, an ID transaction is sent to 0, signed with the address from the first ever transaction `1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK`;\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nID\n3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\n0\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\n# Usage in an identity system (BAP-ID)\n\nA BAP identity is defined as an identity key that has attested identity attributes, verified by one or more authorities. These authorities are outside the scope of this description, but are not governed or controlled.\n\nAll identity attributes have the following characteristics:\n\n```\nurn:bap:id:[Attribute name]:[Attribute value]:[Nonce]\n```\n\nAttribute | Description\n--------- | ----------\nAttribute name | The name of the attribute being described\nAttribute value | The value of the attribute being described with the name\nNonce | A unique random string to make sure the entropy of hashing the urn will not cause collision and not allow for dictionary attacks\n\nA user may want to create multiple identities with a varying degree of details available about that identity. Let's take a couple of examples:\n\nIdentity 1 (`3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q`):\n```\nurn:bap:id:name:John Doe:e2c6fb4063cc04af58935737eaffc938011dff546d47b7fbb18ed346f8c4d4fa\nurn:bap:id:birthday:1990-05-22:e61f23cbbb2284842d77965e2b0e32f0ca890b1894ca4ce652831347ee3596d9\nurn:bap:id:over18:1:480ca17ccaacd671b28dc811332525f2f2cd594d8e8e7825de515ce5d52d30e8\nurn:bap:id:address:51391 Moorpark Ave #104, San Jose, CA 95129, United States:44d47d2375c8346c7ceeab1904360aaf572b1c940c1bd66ffd5cf88fdf06bc05\nurn:bap:id:passportNr:US2343242:9c06a0fb0e2d9cef4928855076255e4df3375e2807cf37bc028ddb282f811ac8\nurn:bap:id:passportExpiration:2022-02-23:d61a39afb463b42c3e419463a028deb3e9e2cebf67953864e9f9e7869677e7cb\n```\n\nIdentity 2 (`b71a658ec49a9cb099fd5d3cf0aafce28f1d464fa6e496f61c8048d8ed56edc1`):\n```\nurn:bap:id:name:John Doe:6637be9df2e114ce19a287ff48841899ef4a5762a5f9dc47aef62fe4f579bf93\nurn:bap:id:email:john.doen@example.com:2864fd138ab1e9ddaaea763c77a45898dac64a26229f9f3d0f2280e4bfa915de\nurn:bap:id:over18:1:5f48f9be1644834933cec74a299d109d18f01e77c9552545d2eae4d0c929000b\n```\n\nIdentity 3 (`10ef2b1bb05185d0dbae41e1bfefe0c2deb2d389f38fe56daa2cc28a9ba82fc7`):\n```\nurn:bap:id:alternateName:Johnny:7a8d693bce6b6c1cf1dd81468a52b69829e465ff9b0762cf77965309df3ad4c8\n```\n\nNOTE: The random nonce should not be re-used across identities. Always create a new random secret for each attribute.\n\n## Attesting (ATTEST)\n\nAnyone can attest for any identity by broadcasting a bitcoin transaction with a signature from their private key of the attributes of the identity.\n\nAll attestations have the following characteristics:\n\n```\nurn:bap:attest:[Attribute hash]:[Identity key]\n```\n\nAttribute | Description\n--------- | ----------\nAttribute hash | A hash of the urn attribute being attested\nIdentity key | The unique identity key of the owner of the attestation\n\nTake for example a bank, Banco De Bitcoin, with a known and trusted identity key of `ezY2h8B5sj7SHGw8i1KhHtRvgM5` which is linked via an `ID` transaction to `1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo`. To attest that the bank has seen the information in the identity attribute and that it is correct, the bank would sign an attestation with the identity information together with the given identity key.\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nATTEST\n[Attestation hash]\n[Sequence]\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\n[Signature algorithm]\n[Address of signer]\n[Signature]\n```\n\nFor the name urn for the Identity 1 (`3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q`) in above example:\n\n- We take the hash of `urn:bap:id:name:John Doe:e2c6fb4063cc04af58935737eaffc938011dff546d47b7fbb18ed346f8c4d4fa` = `b17c8e606afcf0d8dca65bdf8f33d275239438116557980203c82b0fae259838`\n- Then create an attestation urn for the address: `urn:bap:id:attest:b17c8e606afcf0d8dca65bdf8f33d275239438116557980203c82b0fae259838:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q`\n- Then hash the attestation for our transaction: `89cd658c0ce3ff62db4270a317c35f8a7dfe1242e2cc94232aa3947d77f82431`\n- Then the attestation is signed with the private key belonging to the trusted authority (with address `1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo`);\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nATTEST\n89cd658c0ce3ff62db4270a317c35f8a7dfe1242e2cc94232aa3947d77f82431\n0\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nSince the hash of our attestation is always the same, any authority attesting the identity attribute will broadcast a transaction where the 3rd item is the same. In this way it is possible to search (using for instance Planaria) through the blockchain for all attestations of the identity attribute and select the one most trusted.\n\n## Verifying an identity attribute\n\nFor a user to prove their identity, that has been verified by a trusted authority, the user does the following.\n\nHe shares his identity key `3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q`, the full urn `urn:bap:id:name:John Doe:e2c6fb4063cc04af58935737eaffc938011dff546d47b7fbb18ed346f8c4d4fa` and signs a challenge message from the party that request an identity verification.\n\nThe receiving party can now verify:\n- That the user is the owner of the address `1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA` by verifying the signature\n- That the identity `3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q` is linked to the address via an `ID` record\n- That the attestation urn has been signed by that latest valid address of Banco De Bitcoin.\n- Thereby verifying that the user signing the message has been attested by the bank to have the name `John Doe`.\n\nNOTE: No unneeded sensitive information has been shared and it is not possible to infer any other information from the information sent. The only thing the receiver now knows is that the person doing the signing is called John Doe.\n\n## Delegating signing to another identity\n\nWith BAP, it is very easy to create an infinite number of identities for a user. This is even encouraged to preserve privacy.\n\nWhen for instance a KYC check is done, this check is done for a certain identity. Replicating this KYC check for all identities for a user, to be able to use in all access applications, is impractical.  To solve this we must be able to link, or delegate, from one identity to another.\n\n`urn:bap:delegate:<from idKey>:<to IdKey>:<Nonce>`\n\nExample:\n```\nvar attestation = 'urn:bap:delegate:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q:341d782c56a588ccdd3ebb181d1dbb4699bdb5fb9956b7bd07e917d955acdb04:7f2fe5aac07e2d4c43bdb232029ed157acf0272eac94a2f75cc17566c01a5e89';\nvar attestationHash = sha256(attestation); // 2dbb381888f973a0db3bf311e551a6ac2f3ab792420262d8a6f65ef4feb8c1ef\n```\n\nThis links, or delegates, from identity `3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q` to identity `341d782c56a588ccdd3ebb181d1dbb4699bdb5fb9956b7bd07e917d955acdb04`;\n\nThe attestation can be published to the blockchain, signed by the identity `3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q`;\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nATTEST\n2dbb381888f973a0db3bf311e551a6ac2f3ab792420262d8a6f65ef4feb8c1ef\n0\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nShowing that it is possible to use the verified attributes from `3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q` in identity `341d782c56a588ccdd3ebb181d1dbb4699bdb5fb9956b7bd07e917d955acdb04` can now be done by sharing the delegation. The delegation attestation will be available to check on-chain.\n\nThe challenge sent by the application requesting the attributes should be signed by **both (!)** identites, to proof access to the private keys of both identities.\n\nNOTE: The grant published on-chain for the attributes shared must be signed by the delegating identity `3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q`, and not `341d782c56a588ccdd3ebb181d1dbb4699bdb5fb9956b7bd07e917d955acdb04`;\n\nNOTE: The receiving end should store both identity keys to be able to proof they have received access to the data of the user. The could be stored as a concatenation of the two identity strings: `341d782c56a588ccdd3ebb181d1dbb4699bdb5fb9956b7bd07e917d955acdb04<-3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q`;\n\nNOTE: The main identity, for which a KYC has been done, should never directly be used in any application. A new identity should be created for each and every application accessed.\n\n## Publishing Identity information (ALIAS)\n\nIt is possible to publish information about an identity by using the BAP ALIAS keyword. This tells the world that an identity key should be seen as belonging to the entity published in the alias.\n\nIt is recommended to only use the ALIAS keyword for companies that need (or want) to link an identity key to their business. It is not recommended for normal users to publish their identity using the ALIAS keyword.\n\nThe ALIAS data is a stringified JSON object that uses the w3c attributes from https://schema.org/. Example:\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nALIAS\n3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\n{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Banco De Bitcoin\",\"address\":{\"@type\":\"PostalAddress\",\"addressLocality\":\"Mexico Beach\",\"addressRegion\":\"FL\",\"streetAddress\":\"3102 Highway 98\"},\"url\":https://bancodebitcoin.com\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"contentUrl\":\"data:image/png;base64,...\"}\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nOrganizations are encouraged to use attributes defined at https://schema.org/Organization when using the ALIAS keyword.\n\n## BAP uniKey\n\nThe BAP uniKey is a unique hash of identity attributes of a person to create a uniquely identifiable hash to use across services. The uniKey can also be used in a custodial identity service where the only thing shared with a service is the uniKey and the uniKey expiration. The real identity can be looked up at the custodial service.\n\nThe BAP uniKey is defined as follows:\n```\nprivateUniKey := sha256(\n  fullName\n  nationality\n  birthDate\n  socialSecurityNr\n  passportNr\n  passportExpirationDate\n  base64(passport image)\n)\nuniKey := sha256(privateUniKey)\n```\nThe privateUniKey should only be defined based on a digital (NFC) passport that supports all the attributes mentioned. Adding the base64 data of the image on the passport is especially important to create enough entropy for the hashing function to safe guard against dictionary attacks. The uniKey is a hash of the privateUniKey.\n\nThe privateUniKey should __never__ be shared. The uniKey should only be shared in situations where the user would normally share all his personal info (KYC check).\n\nThe `uniKeyExpirationDate` is equal to the `passportExpirationDate`.\n\nExample:\n```\nprivateUniKey = \"27dacfd5d0eefd927263a502bd2dea7b9b6193ba7f8bf98c2f4855b45e7d0008\";\nuniKey = \"dce3ba1199b74d74a5fb941f92ed7e6adb97acc4dffdb055cf6867162dc8fa74\";\nurn:bap:id:uniKey:dce3ba1199b74d74a5fb941f92ed7e6adb97acc4dffdb055cf6867162dc8fa74:c490de4c40fecd9fa7c3979b9134d0a419fa77388d1535b48a24cdb69425b5d5\nhash = \"bc47cdfc44cc89519dca5f12bc10c53492c57090a012d2540257bf02772f82a5\";\n```\n`c490de4c40...` is just a random nonce to increase entropy.\n```\nuniKeyExpirationDate = \"2025-04-20\";\nurn:bap:id:uniKeyExpirationDate:2025-04-20:dce3ba1199b74d74a5fb941f92ed7e6adb97acc4dffdb055cf6867162dc8fa74\nhash = \"a67e363c4163b49f81529b8b5118670ffbf6d76e2b47a03a01e6e21805388f7f\";\n```\nThe urn of the uniKeyExpirationDate should use the uniKey as the nonce. This links them together and makes it verifiable for third parties.\n\n# Publishing data\n\nThe BAP protocol defines a way to publish data on-chain, optionally in a way that only the sender and receiver can read the data.\n\nThe data can be encrypted using the ECIES encryption scheme (specifically electrum-ecies, https://www.npmjs.com/package/electrum-ecies).\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nDATA\n[Attestation hash]\n[[Optionally ECIES encrypted] data]\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\n[Signature algorithm]\n[Address of signer]\n[Signature]\n```\n\nExample:\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nDATA\n2dbb381888f973a0db3bf311e551a6ac2f3ab792420262d8a6f65ef4feb8c1ef\nQklFMQMFmPdvjFe8Wfo+JWmTpo+33LXc+4G8ThfaucU72kieb6lWEv4layTb0x5tzpi6lA2it8rO/ELrXomJqC53uBOd+DZSzDhCSpK6SwR+Itt+Pw==\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\nWhen adding data like this to an attestation, the identity of the signing party should match the identity of the attestation, otherwise the data should be ignored.\n\nOr as a part of an attestation transaction:\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nATTEST\n5e991865273588e8be0b834b013b7b3b7e4ff2c7517c9fcdf77da84502cebef1\n0\n|\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nDATA\n5e991865273588e8be0b834b013b7b3b7e4ff2c7517c9fcdf77da84502cebef1\nQklFMQMFmPdvjFe8Wfo+JWmTpo+33LXc+4G8ThfaucU72kieb6lWEv4layTb0x5tzpi6lA2it8rO/ELrXomJqC53uBOd+DZSzDhCSpK6SwR+Itt+Pw==\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nThis can be used to append data to an attestation, for instance to add context to the attestation for a UI of an application.\n\nFor maximum compatibility with ECIES, the data should be encrypted using the private key of the attester and the public key of the owner of the identity for which the attestation is being done (Traditional 2 keys ECIES, https://www.npmjs.com/package/electrum-ecies#traditional-2-keys-ecies).\n\n# Using as a Power of Attorney\n\nAll users that have an identity and an address registered, should be able to, for instance, give another user temporary rights to sign on their behalf. A Power of Attorney could be defined with the BAP protocol in the following way.\nAll users that have an identity and an address registered, should be able to, for instance, give another user temporary rights to sign on their behalf. A Power of Attorney could be defined with the BAP protocol in the following way.\n\n(A power of attorney of this kind is only valid in the real world, but does not allow anyone else to sign anything on-chain)\n\nThe Power of Attorney would have the following characteristics:\n\n```\nurn:bap:poa:[PoA Attribute]:[Address]:[Nonce]\n```\nAttribute | Description\n--------- | ----------\nPoA Attribute | Power of Attorney attribute being handed over to the person with the identity associates with Address\nAddress | The bitcoin address of the person (or organisation) being handed the PoA\nNonce | A unique random string to make sure the entropy of hashing the urn will not cause collision and not allow for dictionary attacks\n\nPoA attributes:\n\nAttribute | Description\n--------- | ----------\nreal-estate | To buy, sell, rent, or otherwise manage residential, commercial, and personal real estate\nbusiness | To invest, trade, and manage any and all business transactions and decisions, as well as handle any claim or litigation matters\nfinance | To control banking, tax, and government and retirement transactions, as well as living trust and estate decisions\nfamily | To purchase gifts, employ professionals, and to buy, sell or trade any of your personal property\ngeneral | This grants the authority to make any decisions that you would be able to if you were personally present\n\nExample, give the bank the Power of Attorney over finances:\n\nFor the Identity 1 (`3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q`) given PoA to the bank `ezY2h8B5sj7SHGw8i1KhHtRvgM5`:\n\n- We take the hash of `urn:bap:poa:finance:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q:ef4ef3b8847cf9533cc044dc032269f80ecf6fcbefbd4d6ac81dddc0124f50e7`\n- Then hash the poa for the transaction: `77cdec21e1025f85a5cb3744d5515c54783c739b8fa7c72c9e24d83900261d7f`\n- Then the poa is signed with the private key belonging to the identity handing over the PoA (with address `1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA`);\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nATTEST\n77cdec21e1025f85a5cb3744d5515c54783c739b8fa7c72c9e24d83900261d7f\n0\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nThe bank will save the urn and can prove that the PoA is still valid on the blockchain.\n\nThe user can always revoke the PoA with a REVOKE transaction.\n\n# Blacklisting\n\nWith more and more data being posted to the bitcoin blockchain it becomes ever more important to be able to block data from being viewed on sites offering that service. Especially illegal data needs to be filtered from viewing to prevent liability claims.\n\nA proposed format for blacklisting any type of data could have the following format:\n```\nurn:bap:blacklist:[type]:[attribute]:[key]\n```\n\n## Blacklisting transactions / addresses\n\nUsing the blacklisting format, a transaction ID blacklist would be of the following format for a transaction ID:\n```\nurn:bap:blacklist:bitcoin:tx-id:[Transaction ID]\n```\n\nExample, blacklisting transaction ID `9e4b52ca8abe317d246ae2e742898df0956eaf1cc8df7c02154d20c1f55f3f9b`:\n```\nurn:bap:blacklist:bitcoin:tx-id:9e4b52ca8abe317d246ae2e742898df0956eaf1cc8df7c02154d20c1f55f3f9b\n```\n\nThe hash of this blacklisting is: `8a6bc20369171516fb9155a10f11caff8a51dbd8ae90c5bf3443fc4c83bdc8e8`\n\nThe attestation looks like:\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nATTEST\n8a6bc20369171516fb9155a10f11caff8a51dbd8ae90c5bf3443fc4c83bdc8e8\n0\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nWhich would indicate that the ID signing with `1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA` is blacklisting the transaction. This way services can blacklist transactions and publish that on-chain for other services to see.\n\nThird party services could be using this to check whether services they trust are blacklisting transactions and based on that decide not to show them in their viewer. A Simple query of the attestastion hash `8a6bc20369171516fb9155a10f11caff8a51dbd8ae90c5bf3443fc4c83bdc8e8` in a BAP index would return all the services that have blacklisted the transaction.\n\nFor a bitcoin address, the blacklist urn would look like:\n```\nurn:bap:blacklist:bitcoin:address:[Address]\n```\nExample:\n```\nurn:bap:blacklist:bitcoin:address:1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA\n```\n\n## Blacklisting IP addresses\n\nThis blacklisting urn could also be used to signal blacklisting of IP addresses, for instance IP addresses being used by known bot networks.\n\nNOTE: Because IP addresses are personally identifiable information, we need to take more care when hashing these and publishing them on-chain to prevent reverse lookups of the IP addresses.\n\nFor IP addresses we could use a concatenation of the idKey of the signing party to add entropy to the hashing:\n```\nurn:bap:blacklist:ip-address:[IP Address]:[ID key]\n```\n\nThis would prevent direct lookups and force services to only search for blacklisting by services they trust. A lookup of all attestations and all id's would be an extremly CPU intensive task.\n\nFor the Identity 1 (`3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q`) blacklisting IP address `1.1.1.1`:\n```\nurn:bap:blacklist:ip-address:1.1.1.1:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\n```\n\nThe hash of this blacklisting is: `73df789478993f8f4e100be416811860d6fc2ae208fdfaf256788cd522f21219`\n\nThe attestation looks like:\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nATTEST\n73df789478993f8f4e100be416811860d6fc2ae208fdfaf256788cd522f21219\n0\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nA third party service that wants to make use of this information is forced to look through a BAP index in a targeted way, per IP address and for each attesting service separately and is not able to recreate a list of blocked IP addresses.\n\n## Final note on blacklisting\n\nUsing attestations for blacklists is a good way of creating one-way blacklists. It's easy to lookup whether some service has blacklisted something (transaction, address, IP address), but it is very hard to create a list of all things a service has blacklisted.\n\nAlso because the blacklist attestations look just like any other attestation, the blacklistings can not be identified as such which increases the difficulty of creating a list of  blacklistings of a service.\n\n# Simple asserts\n\nBAP can also be used for simple assertions of any type of data or action.\n\nExample:\n```\nurn:bap:assert:[Some assertion you want to make]:[nonce]\n```\n\nExample, asserting ownership of a file:\n```\nurn:bap:assert:John Doe (john@example.com) owns the file with the sha256 hash 70eed96ac2900c68998a99166b4b4833ec311454dbbab82fc4ae028bbb802a35:02a043948c8185dab98456c20e5c68149e2fb9d52079068aeacb377240045515\n```\nThis has a hash of `e4d1c8868d143cb8eaf240c0191c19e513a4f58a8eb8243af00b5626fe2eb764`.\n\nThe user then needs to attest to this on-chain, and sign:\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nATTEST\ne4d1c8868d143cb8eaf240c0191c19e513a4f58a8eb8243af00b5626fe2eb764\n0\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\n# Giving consent to access of data\n\nWhen a website requests data from a user, the user should leave a record on-chain that this data was freely given to the service by the user. The user should also be able to revoke the access to the data, which would imply that the service needs to delete any copy's of the data shared. This is the only way the user is (legally) in charge of what data the service has access to.\n\nA possible way to do this, using BAP:\n```\nurn:bap:grant:[Attribute names]:[Identity key]\n```\n\nExample, for a service with identity key `ezY2h8B5sj7SHGw8i1KhHtRvgM5`:\n```\nurn:bap:grant:name,email,alternateName:ezY2h8B5sj7SHGw8i1KhHtRvgM5\n```\nThis has a hash of `b88bd23005be7e0737f02e67de8b392df834ba27caed1e7774aec77c9dcb85d0`.\n\nThe user then needs to attest to this on-chain:\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nATTEST\nb88bd23005be7e0737f02e67de8b392df834ba27caed1e7774aec77c9dcb85d0\n0\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nNOTE: this could be given to the service directly as proof of granting access to the data by the user. The service could then put the data on-chain, paying the necessary fees.\n\nThe service should be monitoring the blockchain for a revocation of the data sharing grant and remove any data related to this user of the revocation is seen. Alternatively, the user could notify the service of a revocation transaction when made on-chain.\n\n# Revoking an attestation\n\nIn rare cases when the attestation needs to be revoked, this can be done using the `REVOKE` keyword. The revocation transaction has exactly the same format as the attestation transaction, except for the REVOKE keyword.\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nREVOKE\n77cdec21e1025f85a5cb3744d5515c54783c739b8fa7c72c9e24d83900261d7f\n1\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nThe sequence number is important here to prevent replays of the transaction.\n\n# BAP on the BSV Metanet - PROVISIONAL\n\nNOTE: This is still very much work in progress. Feedback is very welcome.\n\nhttps://bitcoinsv.io/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/The-Metanet-Technical-Summary-v1.0.pdf\n\nBAP transactions can also be published on-chain using the BSV metanet protocol. The biggest difference is that those transactions will not use the AIP signing protocol, but the native BSV transaction signing.\n\n## An example.\n\nA transaction like this, creating a new identity with root address `1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK`:\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nID\n3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\n1KJ8vx8adZeznoDfoGf632rNkzxK2ZwzSG\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nWould then look more like this:\n\n```\nInput:\n<\ud835\udc46\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc54 \ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61> <\ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61>\nOutput:\nOP_RETURN meta <\ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc52> <\ud835\udc47\ud835\udc65\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc37\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61> 1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT ID 3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\n```\n\nWhere `Pparent` is the public key associated with the root address `1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK`, and `Pnode` is the public key associated with the new signing address `1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo`.\n\nRotating to a new signing key (`1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA`) is now possible by creating a new metanet edge:\n\n```\nInput:\n<\ud835\udc46\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc54 \ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61> <\ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61>\nOutput:\nOP_RETURN meta <\ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc52> <\ud835\udc47\ud835\udc65\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc37\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61> 1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT ID 3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\n```\n\nWhere `Pparent` is the public key associated with the address `1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo`, and `Pnode` is the public key associated with the new signing address `1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA`.\n\nAn attestation could then be written like this on-chain:\n\n```\nInput:\n<\ud835\udc46\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc54 \ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61> <\ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61>\nOutput:\nOP_RETURN meta <\ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61> <\ud835\udc47\ud835\udc65\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc37\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61> 1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT ATTEST 2dbb381888f973a0db3bf311e551a6ac2f3ab792420262d8a6f65ef4feb8c1ef 0\n```\n\nWhere `Pparent` is the public key associated with the latest valid address `1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA`. Note that the node links back to itself, creating a metanet leaf and not a new edge, where the `TxIDParent` points to the transaction where the edge was created.\n\n# BAP w3c DID - PROVISIONAL\n\nA w3c compatible DID can be created from a BAP ID in the following manner:\n\n```\n{\n    \"@context\": [\"https://w3id.org/did/v0.11\", \"https://w3id.org/bap/v1\"],\n    \"id\": \"did:bap:id:<Identity Key>\",\n    \"publicKey\": [\n       {\n            \"id\": \"did:bap:id:<Identity Key>#<key identifier>\",\n            \"controller\": \"did:bap:id:<Identity Key>\",\n            \"type\": \"EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019\",\n            \"bitcoinAddress\": \"<Base58 bitcoin address>\"\n        }\n    ],\n    \"authentication\": [\"#key1\"],\n    \"assertionMethod\": [\"#key1\"]\n}\n```\nExample:\n```\n{\n    \"@context\": [\"https://w3id.org/did/v0.11\", \"https://w3id.org/bap/v1\"],\n    \"id\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\",\n    \"publicKey\": [\n       {\n            \"id\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q#root\",\n            \"controller\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\",\n            \"type\": \"EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019\",\n            \"bitcoinAddress\": \"1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK\"\n        },\n       {\n            \"id\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q#key1\",\n            \"controller\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\",\n            \"type\": \"EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019\",\n            \"bitcoinAddress\": \"1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo\"\n        }\n    ],\n    \"authentication\": [\"#key1\"],\n    \"assertionMethod\": [\"#key1\"]\n}\n```\n\nWhen keys are rotated to a new signing key the new key can be added to the DID and all authentication and assertion set to that new key.\n```\n{\n    \"@context\": [\"https://w3id.org/did/v0.11\", \"https://w3id.org/bap/v1\"],\n    \"id\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\",\n    \"publicKey\": [\n       {\n            \"id\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q#root\",\n            \"controller\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\",\n            \"type\": \"EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019\",\n            \"bitcoinAddress\": \"1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK\"\n        },\n       {\n            \"id\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q#key1\",\n            \"controller\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\",\n            \"type\": \"EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019\",\n            \"bitcoinAddress\": \"1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo\"\n        },\n       {\n            \"id\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q#key2\",\n            \"controller\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\",\n            \"type\": \"EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019\",\n            \"bitcoinAddress\": \"1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA\"\n        }\n    ],\n    \"authentication\": [\"#key2\"],\n    \"assertionMethod\": [\"#key2\"]\n}\n```\n\n# Extending the protocol\n\nThe protocol could be extended for other use cases, by introducing new keywords (next to ATTEST, REVOKE, ID AND ALIAS) or introducing other `urn:bap:...` schemes.",
  "ref_content": "# Bitcoin Attestation Protocol - BAP\n> A simple protocol to create a chain of trust for any kind of data on the Bitcoin blockchain\nAuthors: Siggi\n\nSpecial thanks to Attila Aros & Satchmo\n\nInspired by the [AUTHOR IDENTITY Protocol](https://github.com/BitcoinFiles/AUTHOR_IDENTITY_PROTOCOL)\n\nNOTE: All examples in this document use fake identity keys, addresses and signatures. See the test data sets for real world examples that can be used in a test suite when developing a library.\n\n- [Intro](#intro)\n- [Protocol](#protocol)\n  * [URN - Uniform Resource Names](#urn---uniform-resource-names)\n  * [Attributes are defined at schema.org](#attributes-are-defined-at-schemaorg)\n- [Creating an identity (ID)](#creating-an-identity-id)\n- [Usage in an identity system (BAP-ID)](#usage-in-an-identity-system-bap-id)\n  * [Attesting (ATTEST)](#attesting-attest)\n  * [Verifying an identity attribute](#verifying-an-identity-attribute)\n  * [Delegating signing to another identity](#delegating-signing-to-another-identity)\n  * [Publishing Identity information (ALIAS)](#publishing-identity-information-alias)\n  * [BAP uniKey](#bap-unikey)\n- [Publishing data (DATA)](#publishing-data)\n- [Using as a Power of Attorney](#using-as-a-power-of-attorney)\n- [Blacklisting](#blacklisting)\n  * [Blacklisting transactions / addresses](#blacklisting-transactions--addresses)\n  * [Blacklisting IP addresses](#blacklisting-ip-addresses)\n  * [Final note on blacklisting](#final-note-on-blacklisting)\n- [Giving consent to access of data](#giving-consent-to-access-of-data)\n- [Simple asserts](#simple-asserts)\n- [Revoking an attestation](#revoking-an-attestation)\n- [BAP on the BSV Metanet - PROVISIONAL](#bap-on-the-bsv-metanet---provisional)\n- [BAP w3c DID - PROVISIONAL](#bap-w3c-did---provisional)\n- [Extending the protocol](#extending-the-protocol)\n\n# TODO\n- Finish DID specs - help needed\n- Request feedback\n\n# Intro\n\nThe design goals:\n\n1. A simple protocol for generic attestation of data, without the need to publish the data itself\n2. Decouple the signing with an address from the funding source address (ie: does not require any on-chain transactions from the signing identity address)\n3. Allow for rotation of signing keys without having to change the existing attestations\n4. Allow for creation of an infinite amount of identities, but still allow for proving of attested attributes between the identities\n\n# Protocol\n\nThe protocol is defined using the [Bitcom](https://bitcom.bitdb.network/) convention. The signing is done using the [AUTHOR IDENTITY Protocol](https://github.com/BitcoinFiles/AUTHOR_IDENTITY_PROTOCOL).\n\n- The prefix of the protocol is `1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT`;\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\n[ID|ATTEST|ALIAS|DATA|REVOKE]\n[ID Key|URN Attestation Hash]\n[Sequence|Address|Data]\n|\n[AIP protocol address]\n[AIP Signing Algorithm]\n[AIP Signing Address]\n[AIP Signature]\n```\nBy default, all fields are signed, so the optional indices of the AIP can be left out.\n\nThe `Sequence` is added to the transaction to prevent replay of the transaction in case of a revocation. The transaction from the same signatory, with the highest `Sequence` is the current one.\n\nThe fourth field is used for the bitcoin signing address in an `ID` transaction only.\n\nExample:\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nATTEST\nd4bcdd0f437d0d3bc588bb4e861d2e83e26e8bf9566ae541a5d43329213b1b13\n0\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1Po6MLAPJsSAGyE8sXw3CgWcgxumNGjyqm\nG8wW0NOCPFgGSoCtB2DZ+0CrLrh9ywAl0C5hnx78Q+7QNyPYzsFtkt4/TXkzkTwqbOT3Ofb1CYdNUv5a/jviPVA=\n```\n\n## URN - Uniform Resource Names\nThe protocol makes use of URN's as a data carrier for the attestation data, as defined by the [w3c](https://www.w3.org/TR/uri-clarification/).\n\nURN's look like:\n\n```\nurn:[namespace identifier]:[...URN]\n```\n\nExamples for use in BAP:\n\nIdentity:\n```\nurn:bap:id:[Attribute name]:[Attribute value]:[Nonce]\n  urn:bap:id:name:John Doe:e2c6fb4063cc04af58935737eaffc938011dff546d47b7fbb18ed346f8c4d4fa\n```\n\nAttestations:\n```\nurn:bap:attest:[Attribute hash]:[Identity key]\nurn:bap:attest:42d2396ddfc3dec6acbd96830b844a10b8b2f065e60fbd5238b5267ab086bf4f:1CCWY6EXZwNqbrtW1SXGNFWdwipYT7Ur1Q\n```\n\nThe URN is hashed using sha256 when used in a transaction sent to the blockchain.\n\n## Attributes are defined at schema.org\n\nAttributes used in BAP should be defined at https://schema.org.\n\nEspecially the Person attributes, found at https://schema.org/Person, should be used in BAP.\n\n# Creating an identity (ID)\n\nTo create a new identity in BAP, we need to create 2 private keys and compute they public keys and the corresponding addresses. For easy management of the keys, it is recommended to use an [HD Private key](https://docs.moneybutton.com/docs/bsv-hd-private-key.html) with known derivations.\n\n```\nrootAddress: 1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK\nfirstAddress: 1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo\n```\n\n\n\nSigning identities in BAP are created by linking a unique identity key with bitcoin signing addresses. The identity key should be computed as a hash of the rootAddress. This links the 2 together and prevents others from creating an identity using the same identity key to create confusion.\n\nThe identity key follows the way a Bitcoin address is hashed to reduce the size of the key.\n\n```\nidentityKey = base58( ripemd160 ( sha256 ( rootAddress ) ) )\n```\n\nExample identity key, note the hex values are fed as binary buffers to the hash functions and not as a string:\n\n```\nsha256(1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK) = c38bc59316de9783b5f7a8ba19bc5d442f6c9b0988c48a241d1c58a1f4e9ae19\nripemd160(c38bc59316de9783b5f7a8ba19bc5d442f6c9b0988c48a241d1c58a1f4e9ae19) = afb3dcf52c2c661c35c8ec6a92cecbfc691ba371\nbase58(afb3dcf52c2c661c35c8ec6a92cecbfc691ba371) = 3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\nidentityKey: 3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\n```\n\n**NOTE:** This has been changed with the release of the BAP library. This allows a verifier to link the root address to the identity key. In the past the identity key was random. Older identites created at random will still work with the BAP library, but new identities should be created in this way.\n\nTo link this identity key to the root address and the signing address, an `ID` transaction is sent to the blockchain:\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nID\n3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\n1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nThe address `1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK` associated with the first instance of the identity key on-chain, is the identity control address (or rootAddress). This address should no be used anywhere, but can be used to destroy the identity, in case the latest linked key has been compromised.\n\nWhen the signing address is rotated to a new key, a new ID transaction is created, this time signed by the previous address:\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nID\n3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\n1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nIn this way, we have created a way to rotate the signing keys for a certain identity as often as we want, with each signing key being immutably saved on the blockchain.\n\nAny signatures done for the identity key should be done using the active key at that time.\n\nTo destroy the identity, an ID transaction is sent to 0, signed with the address from the first ever transaction `1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK`;\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nID\n3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\n0\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\n# Usage in an identity system (BAP-ID)\n\nA BAP identity is defined as an identity key that has attested identity attributes, verified by one or more authorities. These authorities are outside the scope of this description, but are not governed or controlled.\n\nAll identity attributes have the following characteristics:\n\n```\nurn:bap:id:[Attribute name]:[Attribute value]:[Nonce]\n```\n\nAttribute | Description\n--------- | ----------\nAttribute name | The name of the attribute being described\nAttribute value | The value of the attribute being described with the name\nNonce | A unique random string to make sure the entropy of hashing the urn will not cause collision and not allow for dictionary attacks\n\nA user may want to create multiple identities with a varying degree of details available about that identity. Let's take a couple of examples:\n\nIdentity 1 (`3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q`):\n```\nurn:bap:id:name:John Doe:e2c6fb4063cc04af58935737eaffc938011dff546d47b7fbb18ed346f8c4d4fa\nurn:bap:id:birthday:1990-05-22:e61f23cbbb2284842d77965e2b0e32f0ca890b1894ca4ce652831347ee3596d9\nurn:bap:id:over18:1:480ca17ccaacd671b28dc811332525f2f2cd594d8e8e7825de515ce5d52d30e8\nurn:bap:id:address:51391 Moorpark Ave #104, San Jose, CA 95129, United States:44d47d2375c8346c7ceeab1904360aaf572b1c940c1bd66ffd5cf88fdf06bc05\nurn:bap:id:passportNr:US2343242:9c06a0fb0e2d9cef4928855076255e4df3375e2807cf37bc028ddb282f811ac8\nurn:bap:id:passportExpiration:2022-02-23:d61a39afb463b42c3e419463a028deb3e9e2cebf67953864e9f9e7869677e7cb\n```\n\nIdentity 2 (`b71a658ec49a9cb099fd5d3cf0aafce28f1d464fa6e496f61c8048d8ed56edc1`):\n```\nurn:bap:id:name:John Doe:6637be9df2e114ce19a287ff48841899ef4a5762a5f9dc47aef62fe4f579bf93\nurn:bap:id:email:john.doen@example.com:2864fd138ab1e9ddaaea763c77a45898dac64a26229f9f3d0f2280e4bfa915de\nurn:bap:id:over18:1:5f48f9be1644834933cec74a299d109d18f01e77c9552545d2eae4d0c929000b\n```\n\nIdentity 3 (`10ef2b1bb05185d0dbae41e1bfefe0c2deb2d389f38fe56daa2cc28a9ba82fc7`):\n```\nurn:bap:id:alternateName:Johnny:7a8d693bce6b6c1cf1dd81468a52b69829e465ff9b0762cf77965309df3ad4c8\n```\n\nNOTE: The random nonce should not be re-used across identities. Always create a new random secret for each attribute.\n\n## Attesting (ATTEST)\n\nAnyone can attest for any identity by broadcasting a bitcoin transaction with a signature from their private key of the attributes of the identity.\n\nAll attestations have the following characteristics:\n\n```\nurn:bap:attest:[Attribute hash]:[Identity key]\n```\n\nAttribute | Description\n--------- | ----------\nAttribute hash | A hash of the urn attribute being attested\nIdentity key | The unique identity key of the owner of the attestation\n\nTake for example a bank, Banco De Bitcoin, with a known and trusted identity key of `ezY2h8B5sj7SHGw8i1KhHtRvgM5` which is linked via an `ID` transaction to `1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo`. To attest that the bank has seen the information in the identity attribute and that it is correct, the bank would sign an attestation with the identity information together with the given identity key.\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nATTEST\n[Attestation hash]\n[Sequence]\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\n[Signature algorithm]\n[Address of signer]\n[Signature]\n```\n\nFor the name urn for the Identity 1 (`3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q`) in above example:\n\n- We take the hash of `urn:bap:id:name:John Doe:e2c6fb4063cc04af58935737eaffc938011dff546d47b7fbb18ed346f8c4d4fa` = `b17c8e606afcf0d8dca65bdf8f33d275239438116557980203c82b0fae259838`\n- Then create an attestation urn for the address: `urn:bap:id:attest:b17c8e606afcf0d8dca65bdf8f33d275239438116557980203c82b0fae259838:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q`\n- Then hash the attestation for our transaction: `89cd658c0ce3ff62db4270a317c35f8a7dfe1242e2cc94232aa3947d77f82431`\n- Then the attestation is signed with the private key belonging to the trusted authority (with address `1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo`);\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nATTEST\n89cd658c0ce3ff62db4270a317c35f8a7dfe1242e2cc94232aa3947d77f82431\n0\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nSince the hash of our attestation is always the same, any authority attesting the identity attribute will broadcast a transaction where the 3rd item is the same. In this way it is possible to search (using for instance Planaria) through the blockchain for all attestations of the identity attribute and select the one most trusted.\n\n## Verifying an identity attribute\n\nFor a user to prove their identity, that has been verified by a trusted authority, the user does the following.\n\nHe shares his identity key `3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q`, the full urn `urn:bap:id:name:John Doe:e2c6fb4063cc04af58935737eaffc938011dff546d47b7fbb18ed346f8c4d4fa` and signs a challenge message from the party that request an identity verification.\n\nThe receiving party can now verify:\n- That the user is the owner of the address `1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA` by verifying the signature\n- That the identity `3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q` is linked to the address via an `ID` record\n- That the attestation urn has been signed by that latest valid address of Banco De Bitcoin.\n- Thereby verifying that the user signing the message has been attested by the bank to have the name `John Doe`.\n\nNOTE: No unneeded sensitive information has been shared and it is not possible to infer any other information from the information sent. The only thing the receiver now knows is that the person doing the signing is called John Doe.\n\n## Delegating signing to another identity\n\nWith BAP, it is very easy to create an infinite number of identities for a user. This is even encouraged to preserve privacy.\n\nWhen for instance a KYC check is done, this check is done for a certain identity. Replicating this KYC check for all identities for a user, to be able to use in all access applications, is impractical.  To solve this we must be able to link, or delegate, from one identity to another.\n\n`urn:bap:delegate:<from idKey>:<to IdKey>:<Nonce>`\n\nExample:\n```\nvar attestation = 'urn:bap:delegate:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q:341d782c56a588ccdd3ebb181d1dbb4699bdb5fb9956b7bd07e917d955acdb04:7f2fe5aac07e2d4c43bdb232029ed157acf0272eac94a2f75cc17566c01a5e89';\nvar attestationHash = sha256(attestation); // 2dbb381888f973a0db3bf311e551a6ac2f3ab792420262d8a6f65ef4feb8c1ef\n```\n\nThis links, or delegates, from identity `3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q` to identity `341d782c56a588ccdd3ebb181d1dbb4699bdb5fb9956b7bd07e917d955acdb04`;\n\nThe attestation can be published to the blockchain, signed by the identity `3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q`;\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nATTEST\n2dbb381888f973a0db3bf311e551a6ac2f3ab792420262d8a6f65ef4feb8c1ef\n0\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nShowing that it is possible to use the verified attributes from `3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q` in identity `341d782c56a588ccdd3ebb181d1dbb4699bdb5fb9956b7bd07e917d955acdb04` can now be done by sharing the delegation. The delegation attestation will be available to check on-chain.\n\nThe challenge sent by the application requesting the attributes should be signed by **both (!)** identites, to proof access to the private keys of both identities.\n\nNOTE: The grant published on-chain for the attributes shared must be signed by the delegating identity `3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q`, and not `341d782c56a588ccdd3ebb181d1dbb4699bdb5fb9956b7bd07e917d955acdb04`;\n\nNOTE: The receiving end should store both identity keys to be able to proof they have received access to the data of the user. The could be stored as a concatenation of the two identity strings: `341d782c56a588ccdd3ebb181d1dbb4699bdb5fb9956b7bd07e917d955acdb04<-3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q`;\n\nNOTE: The main identity, for which a KYC has been done, should never directly be used in any application. A new identity should be created for each and every application accessed.\n\n## Publishing Identity information (ALIAS)\n\nIt is possible to publish information about an identity by using the BAP ALIAS keyword. This tells the world that an identity key should be seen as belonging to the entity published in the alias.\n\nIt is recommended to only use the ALIAS keyword for companies that need (or want) to link an identity key to their business. It is not recommended for normal users to publish their identity using the ALIAS keyword.\n\nThe ALIAS data is a stringified JSON object that uses the w3c attributes from https://schema.org/. Example:\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nALIAS\n3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\n{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Banco De Bitcoin\",\"address\":{\"@type\":\"PostalAddress\",\"addressLocality\":\"Mexico Beach\",\"addressRegion\":\"FL\",\"streetAddress\":\"3102 Highway 98\"},\"url\":https://bancodebitcoin.com\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"contentUrl\":\"data:image/png;base64,...\"}\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nOrganizations are encouraged to use attributes defined at https://schema.org/Organization when using the ALIAS keyword.\n\n## BAP uniKey\n\nThe BAP uniKey is a unique hash of identity attributes of a person to create a uniquely identifiable hash to use across services. The uniKey can also be used in a custodial identity service where the only thing shared with a service is the uniKey and the uniKey expiration. The real identity can be looked up at the custodial service.\n\nThe BAP uniKey is defined as follows:\n```\nprivateUniKey := sha256(\n  fullName\n  nationality\n  birthDate\n  socialSecurityNr\n  passportNr\n  passportExpirationDate\n  base64(passport image)\n)\nuniKey := sha256(privateUniKey)\n```\nThe privateUniKey should only be defined based on a digital (NFC) passport that supports all the attributes mentioned. Adding the base64 data of the image on the passport is especially important to create enough entropy for the hashing function to safe guard against dictionary attacks. The uniKey is a hash of the privateUniKey.\n\nThe privateUniKey should __never__ be shared. The uniKey should only be shared in situations where the user would normally share all his personal info (KYC check).\n\nThe `uniKeyExpirationDate` is equal to the `passportExpirationDate`.\n\nExample:\n```\nprivateUniKey = \"27dacfd5d0eefd927263a502bd2dea7b9b6193ba7f8bf98c2f4855b45e7d0008\";\nuniKey = \"dce3ba1199b74d74a5fb941f92ed7e6adb97acc4dffdb055cf6867162dc8fa74\";\nurn:bap:id:uniKey:dce3ba1199b74d74a5fb941f92ed7e6adb97acc4dffdb055cf6867162dc8fa74:c490de4c40fecd9fa7c3979b9134d0a419fa77388d1535b48a24cdb69425b5d5\nhash = \"bc47cdfc44cc89519dca5f12bc10c53492c57090a012d2540257bf02772f82a5\";\n```\n`c490de4c40...` is just a random nonce to increase entropy.\n```\nuniKeyExpirationDate = \"2025-04-20\";\nurn:bap:id:uniKeyExpirationDate:2025-04-20:dce3ba1199b74d74a5fb941f92ed7e6adb97acc4dffdb055cf6867162dc8fa74\nhash = \"a67e363c4163b49f81529b8b5118670ffbf6d76e2b47a03a01e6e21805388f7f\";\n```\nThe urn of the uniKeyExpirationDate should use the uniKey as the nonce. This links them together and makes it verifiable for third parties.\n\n# Publishing data\n\nThe BAP protocol defines a way to publish data on-chain, optionally in a way that only the sender and receiver can read the data.\n\nThe data can be encrypted using the ECIES encryption scheme (specifically electrum-ecies, https://www.npmjs.com/package/electrum-ecies).\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nDATA\n[Attestation hash]\n[[Optionally ECIES encrypted] data]\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\n[Signature algorithm]\n[Address of signer]\n[Signature]\n```\n\nExample:\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nDATA\n2dbb381888f973a0db3bf311e551a6ac2f3ab792420262d8a6f65ef4feb8c1ef\nQklFMQMFmPdvjFe8Wfo+JWmTpo+33LXc+4G8ThfaucU72kieb6lWEv4layTb0x5tzpi6lA2it8rO/ELrXomJqC53uBOd+DZSzDhCSpK6SwR+Itt+Pw==\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\nWhen adding data like this to an attestation, the identity of the signing party should match the identity of the attestation, otherwise the data should be ignored.\n\nOr as a part of an attestation transaction:\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nATTEST\n5e991865273588e8be0b834b013b7b3b7e4ff2c7517c9fcdf77da84502cebef1\n0\n|\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nDATA\n5e991865273588e8be0b834b013b7b3b7e4ff2c7517c9fcdf77da84502cebef1\nQklFMQMFmPdvjFe8Wfo+JWmTpo+33LXc+4G8ThfaucU72kieb6lWEv4layTb0x5tzpi6lA2it8rO/ELrXomJqC53uBOd+DZSzDhCSpK6SwR+Itt+Pw==\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nThis can be used to append data to an attestation, for instance to add context to the attestation for a UI of an application.\n\nFor maximum compatibility with ECIES, the data should be encrypted using the private key of the attester and the public key of the owner of the identity for which the attestation is being done (Traditional 2 keys ECIES, https://www.npmjs.com/package/electrum-ecies#traditional-2-keys-ecies).\n\n# Using as a Power of Attorney\n\nAll users that have an identity and an address registered, should be able to, for instance, give another user temporary rights to sign on their behalf. A Power of Attorney could be defined with the BAP protocol in the following way.\nAll users that have an identity and an address registered, should be able to, for instance, give another user temporary rights to sign on their behalf. A Power of Attorney could be defined with the BAP protocol in the following way.\n\n(A power of attorney of this kind is only valid in the real world, but does not allow anyone else to sign anything on-chain)\n\nThe Power of Attorney would have the following characteristics:\n\n```\nurn:bap:poa:[PoA Attribute]:[Address]:[Nonce]\n```\nAttribute | Description\n--------- | ----------\nPoA Attribute | Power of Attorney attribute being handed over to the person with the identity associates with Address\nAddress | The bitcoin address of the person (or organisation) being handed the PoA\nNonce | A unique random string to make sure the entropy of hashing the urn will not cause collision and not allow for dictionary attacks\n\nPoA attributes:\n\nAttribute | Description\n--------- | ----------\nreal-estate | To buy, sell, rent, or otherwise manage residential, commercial, and personal real estate\nbusiness | To invest, trade, and manage any and all business transactions and decisions, as well as handle any claim or litigation matters\nfinance | To control banking, tax, and government and retirement transactions, as well as living trust and estate decisions\nfamily | To purchase gifts, employ professionals, and to buy, sell or trade any of your personal property\ngeneral | This grants the authority to make any decisions that you would be able to if you were personally present\n\nExample, give the bank the Power of Attorney over finances:\n\nFor the Identity 1 (`3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q`) given PoA to the bank `ezY2h8B5sj7SHGw8i1KhHtRvgM5`:\n\n- We take the hash of `urn:bap:poa:finance:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q:ef4ef3b8847cf9533cc044dc032269f80ecf6fcbefbd4d6ac81dddc0124f50e7`\n- Then hash the poa for the transaction: `77cdec21e1025f85a5cb3744d5515c54783c739b8fa7c72c9e24d83900261d7f`\n- Then the poa is signed with the private key belonging to the identity handing over the PoA (with address `1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA`);\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nATTEST\n77cdec21e1025f85a5cb3744d5515c54783c739b8fa7c72c9e24d83900261d7f\n0\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nThe bank will save the urn and can prove that the PoA is still valid on the blockchain.\n\nThe user can always revoke the PoA with a REVOKE transaction.\n\n# Blacklisting\n\nWith more and more data being posted to the bitcoin blockchain it becomes ever more important to be able to block data from being viewed on sites offering that service. Especially illegal data needs to be filtered from viewing to prevent liability claims.\n\nA proposed format for blacklisting any type of data could have the following format:\n```\nurn:bap:blacklist:[type]:[attribute]:[key]\n```\n\n## Blacklisting transactions / addresses\n\nUsing the blacklisting format, a transaction ID blacklist would be of the following format for a transaction ID:\n```\nurn:bap:blacklist:bitcoin:tx-id:[Transaction ID]\n```\n\nExample, blacklisting transaction ID `9e4b52ca8abe317d246ae2e742898df0956eaf1cc8df7c02154d20c1f55f3f9b`:\n```\nurn:bap:blacklist:bitcoin:tx-id:9e4b52ca8abe317d246ae2e742898df0956eaf1cc8df7c02154d20c1f55f3f9b\n```\n\nThe hash of this blacklisting is: `8a6bc20369171516fb9155a10f11caff8a51dbd8ae90c5bf3443fc4c83bdc8e8`\n\nThe attestation looks like:\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nATTEST\n8a6bc20369171516fb9155a10f11caff8a51dbd8ae90c5bf3443fc4c83bdc8e8\n0\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nWhich would indicate that the ID signing with `1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA` is blacklisting the transaction. This way services can blacklist transactions and publish that on-chain for other services to see.\n\nThird party services could be using this to check whether services they trust are blacklisting transactions and based on that decide not to show them in their viewer. A Simple query of the attestastion hash `8a6bc20369171516fb9155a10f11caff8a51dbd8ae90c5bf3443fc4c83bdc8e8` in a BAP index would return all the services that have blacklisted the transaction.\n\nFor a bitcoin address, the blacklist urn would look like:\n```\nurn:bap:blacklist:bitcoin:address:[Address]\n```\nExample:\n```\nurn:bap:blacklist:bitcoin:address:1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA\n```\n\n## Blacklisting IP addresses\n\nThis blacklisting urn could also be used to signal blacklisting of IP addresses, for instance IP addresses being used by known bot networks.\n\nNOTE: Because IP addresses are personally identifiable information, we need to take more care when hashing these and publishing them on-chain to prevent reverse lookups of the IP addresses.\n\nFor IP addresses we could use a concatenation of the idKey of the signing party to add entropy to the hashing:\n```\nurn:bap:blacklist:ip-address:[IP Address]:[ID key]\n```\n\nThis would prevent direct lookups and force services to only search for blacklisting by services they trust. A lookup of all attestations and all id's would be an extremly CPU intensive task.\n\nFor the Identity 1 (`3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q`) blacklisting IP address `1.1.1.1`:\n```\nurn:bap:blacklist:ip-address:1.1.1.1:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\n```\n\nThe hash of this blacklisting is: `73df789478993f8f4e100be416811860d6fc2ae208fdfaf256788cd522f21219`\n\nThe attestation looks like:\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nATTEST\n73df789478993f8f4e100be416811860d6fc2ae208fdfaf256788cd522f21219\n0\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nA third party service that wants to make use of this information is forced to look through a BAP index in a targeted way, per IP address and for each attesting service separately and is not able to recreate a list of blocked IP addresses.\n\n## Final note on blacklisting\n\nUsing attestations for blacklists is a good way of creating one-way blacklists. It's easy to lookup whether some service has blacklisted something (transaction, address, IP address), but it is very hard to create a list of all things a service has blacklisted.\n\nAlso because the blacklist attestations look just like any other attestation, the blacklistings can not be identified as such which increases the difficulty of creating a list of  blacklistings of a service.\n\n# Simple asserts\n\nBAP can also be used for simple assertions of any type of data or action.\n\nExample:\n```\nurn:bap:assert:[Some assertion you want to make]:[nonce]\n```\n\nExample, asserting ownership of a file:\n```\nurn:bap:assert:John Doe (john@example.com) owns the file with the sha256 hash 70eed96ac2900c68998a99166b4b4833ec311454dbbab82fc4ae028bbb802a35:02a043948c8185dab98456c20e5c68149e2fb9d52079068aeacb377240045515\n```\nThis has a hash of `e4d1c8868d143cb8eaf240c0191c19e513a4f58a8eb8243af00b5626fe2eb764`.\n\nThe user then needs to attest to this on-chain, and sign:\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nATTEST\ne4d1c8868d143cb8eaf240c0191c19e513a4f58a8eb8243af00b5626fe2eb764\n0\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\n# Giving consent to access of data\n\nWhen a website requests data from a user, the user should leave a record on-chain that this data was freely given to the service by the user. The user should also be able to revoke the access to the data, which would imply that the service needs to delete any copy's of the data shared. This is the only way the user is (legally) in charge of what data the service has access to.\n\nA possible way to do this, using BAP:\n```\nurn:bap:grant:[Attribute names]:[Identity key]\n```\n\nExample, for a service with identity key `ezY2h8B5sj7SHGw8i1KhHtRvgM5`:\n```\nurn:bap:grant:name,email,alternateName:ezY2h8B5sj7SHGw8i1KhHtRvgM5\n```\nThis has a hash of `b88bd23005be7e0737f02e67de8b392df834ba27caed1e7774aec77c9dcb85d0`.\n\nThe user then needs to attest to this on-chain:\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nATTEST\nb88bd23005be7e0737f02e67de8b392df834ba27caed1e7774aec77c9dcb85d0\n0\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nNOTE: this could be given to the service directly as proof of granting access to the data by the user. The service could then put the data on-chain, paying the necessary fees.\n\nThe service should be monitoring the blockchain for a revocation of the data sharing grant and remove any data related to this user of the revocation is seen. Alternatively, the user could notify the service of a revocation transaction when made on-chain.\n\n# Revoking an attestation\n\nIn rare cases when the attestation needs to be revoked, this can be done using the `REVOKE` keyword. The revocation transaction has exactly the same format as the attestation transaction, except for the REVOKE keyword.\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nREVOKE\n77cdec21e1025f85a5cb3744d5515c54783c739b8fa7c72c9e24d83900261d7f\n1\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nThe sequence number is important here to prevent replays of the transaction.\n\n# BAP on the BSV Metanet - PROVISIONAL\n\nNOTE: This is still very much work in progress. Feedback is very welcome.\n\nhttps://bitcoinsv.io/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/The-Metanet-Technical-Summary-v1.0.pdf\n\nBAP transactions can also be published on-chain using the BSV metanet protocol. The biggest difference is that those transactions will not use the AIP signing protocol, but the native BSV transaction signing.\n\n## An example.\n\nA transaction like this, creating a new identity with root address `1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK`:\n\n```\n1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT\nID\n3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\n1KJ8vx8adZeznoDfoGf632rNkzxK2ZwzSG\n|\n15PciHG22SNLQJXMoSUaWVi7WSqc7hCfva\nBITCOIN_ECDSA\n1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK\nHB6Ye7ekxjKDkblJYL9lX3J2vhY75vl+WfVCq+wW3+y6S7XECkgYwUEVH3WEArRuDb/aVZ8ntLI/D0Yolb1dhD8=\n```\n\nWould then look more like this:\n\n```\nInput:\n<\ud835\udc46\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc54 \ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61> <\ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61>\nOutput:\nOP_RETURN meta <\ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc52> <\ud835\udc47\ud835\udc65\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc37\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61> 1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT ID 3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\n```\n\nWhere `Pparent` is the public key associated with the root address `1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK`, and `Pnode` is the public key associated with the new signing address `1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo`.\n\nRotating to a new signing key (`1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA`) is now possible by creating a new metanet edge:\n\n```\nInput:\n<\ud835\udc46\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc54 \ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61> <\ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61>\nOutput:\nOP_RETURN meta <\ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc52> <\ud835\udc47\ud835\udc65\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc37\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61> 1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT ID 3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\n```\n\nWhere `Pparent` is the public key associated with the address `1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo`, and `Pnode` is the public key associated with the new signing address `1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA`.\n\nAn attestation could then be written like this on-chain:\n\n```\nInput:\n<\ud835\udc46\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc54 \ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61> <\ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61>\nOutput:\nOP_RETURN meta <\ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61> <\ud835\udc47\ud835\udc65\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc37\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61> 1BAPSuaPnfGnSBM3GLV9yhxUdYe4vGbdMT ATTEST 2dbb381888f973a0db3bf311e551a6ac2f3ab792420262d8a6f65ef4feb8c1ef 0\n```\n\nWhere `Pparent` is the public key associated with the latest valid address `1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA`. Note that the node links back to itself, creating a metanet leaf and not a new edge, where the `TxIDParent` points to the transaction where the edge was created.\n\n# BAP w3c DID - PROVISIONAL\n\nA w3c compatible DID can be created from a BAP ID in the following manner:\n\n```\n{\n    \"@context\": [\"https://w3id.org/did/v0.11\", \"https://w3id.org/bap/v1\"],\n    \"id\": \"did:bap:id:<Identity Key>\",\n    \"publicKey\": [\n       {\n            \"id\": \"did:bap:id:<Identity Key>#<key identifier>\",\n            \"controller\": \"did:bap:id:<Identity Key>\",\n            \"type\": \"EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019\",\n            \"bitcoinAddress\": \"<Base58 bitcoin address>\"\n        }\n    ],\n    \"authentication\": [\"#key1\"],\n    \"assertionMethod\": [\"#key1\"]\n}\n```\nExample:\n```\n{\n    \"@context\": [\"https://w3id.org/did/v0.11\", \"https://w3id.org/bap/v1\"],\n    \"id\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\",\n    \"publicKey\": [\n       {\n            \"id\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q#root\",\n            \"controller\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\",\n            \"type\": \"EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019\",\n            \"bitcoinAddress\": \"1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK\"\n        },\n       {\n            \"id\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q#key1\",\n            \"controller\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\",\n            \"type\": \"EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019\",\n            \"bitcoinAddress\": \"1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo\"\n        }\n    ],\n    \"authentication\": [\"#key1\"],\n    \"assertionMethod\": [\"#key1\"]\n}\n```\n\nWhen keys are rotated to a new signing key the new key can be added to the DID and all authentication and assertion set to that new key.\n```\n{\n    \"@context\": [\"https://w3id.org/did/v0.11\", \"https://w3id.org/bap/v1\"],\n    \"id\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\",\n    \"publicKey\": [\n       {\n            \"id\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q#root\",\n            \"controller\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\",\n            \"type\": \"EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019\",\n            \"bitcoinAddress\": \"1WffojxvgpQBmUTigoss7VUdfN45JiiRK\"\n        },\n       {\n            \"id\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q#key1\",\n            \"controller\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\",\n            \"type\": \"EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019\",\n            \"bitcoinAddress\": \"1K4c6YXR1ixNLAqrL8nx5HUQAPKbACTwDo\"\n        },\n       {\n            \"id\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q#key2\",\n            \"controller\": \"did:bap:id:3SyWUZXvhidNcEHbAC3HkBnKoD2Q\",\n            \"type\": \"EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019\",\n            \"bitcoinAddress\": \"1JfMQDtBKYi6z65M9uF2gxgLv7E8pPR6MA\"\n        }\n    ],\n    \"authentication\": [\"#key2\"],\n    \"assertionMethod\": [\"#key2\"]\n}\n```\n\n# Extending the protocol\n\nThe protocol could be extended for other use cases, by introducing new keywords (next to ATTEST, REVOKE, ID AND ALIAS) or introducing other `urn:bap:...` schemes.",
  "ref_author_address": "1PpNsZ1poCiAkjNrkcBgWMqiMizb34vvHr",
  "ref_timestamp": "2022-09-04T11:49:47.000Z",
  "ref_app": "metanet4j.com",
  "ref_u_display_name": null,
  "ref_u_paymail": null,
  "ref_u_avatar_url": null
}