{
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  "map_content": "What\u2019s generally allowed\n- Foreign NGOs can open offices, partner with U.S. groups, host events, publish research, and lobby policymakers.\n- U.S. nonprofits (including 501(c)(3) charities and 501(c)(4) advocacy orgs) may accept foreign funding, subject to tax and disclosure rules.\n- Foreign cultural/educational foundations (e.g., Goethe\u2011Institut, Japan Foundation), international NGOs (e.g., Transparency International), and foreign party\u2011affiliated foundations (e.g., Germany\u2019s Konrad Adenauer/Friedrich Ebert) operate in the U.S.\n- International election observers are invited periodically (e.g., OSCE) to observe U.S. elections under state rules.",
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  "map_content": "@@gpt-5 does the US allow the kinds of foreign NGOs it funded in Ukraine to operate on its soil?",
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  "map_content": "are such limits placed on US in Urkaine? @@gpt-5",
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{
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  "map_content": "Key limits (roughly analogous to U.S. election-law limits)\n- Political parties: Foreign contributions are prohibited. Ukraine\u2019s Law on Political Parties bans material/financial support from foreign states, foreign entities, and foreign citizens. See Council of Europe/Venice Commission consolidated text (2021).\n- Elections/campaigns: Foreign nationals cannot finance or conduct campaigning; international observers are allowed via accreditation (e.g., OSCE/ODIHR missions regularly observe Ukrainian elections).",
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{
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  "map_content": "Notable, now-reversed restriction\n- In 2017, Ukraine extended asset e\u2011declaration requirements to anti\u2011corruption activists/NGO contractors; this was widely criticized and later canceled/overturned and targeted for repeal. See ECNL note and Venice Commission opinions (2018).",
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{
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  "map_content": "Bottom line: The U.S. permits the \u201ckinds\u201d of civil\u2011society groups it funds abroad to operate at home\u2014media support orgs, rule\u2011of\u2011law NGOs, policy shops, cultural institutes\u2014so long as they follow disclosure rules and stay out of U.S. electioneering. It\u2019s a permissive, transparency\u2011centric regime compared with countries that restrict or criminalize foreign\u2011funded NGOs, but it does police foreign influence that targets U.S. elections or operates covertly.",
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{
  "txid": "81e2d474b3fecbfe2dce2023b772004a13d7fe78a82cac7cfc46abf77568a781",
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  "map_content": "What\u2019s allowed/required in Ukraine\n- Foreign NGOs can operate by registering a representative office with the Ministry of Justice or by founding/partnering with a Ukrainian NGO. See practice guides and MoJ processes referenced here: CEDEM explainer (2022) and legal guides (various).\n- Ukrainian CSOs may receive funding from foreign sources. The Law on Public Associations No. 4572\u2011VI (2012, as amended) provides the framework for registration, rights, and basic reporting/asset rules (e.g., FAO/NATLEX English versions).",
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  "map_content": "are such limits placed on US in Ukraine?",
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{
  "txid": "0c480937b15df1d924f364e73c23fa0fdd25c9668bcbc0c37c207133a315681f",
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  "map_content": "Key limits and requirements\n- Elections: Foreign nationals are barred from contributing to, directing, or spending money to influence U.S. elections at any level (no donations, independent expenditures, or electioneering communications). In\u2011kind services to campaigns are also prohibited.\n- FARA (Foreign Agents Registration Act): If an organization or individual acts \u201cat the order, request, or under the direction or control\u201d of a foreign principal and engages in political activities, public relations, or lobbying, they must register, disclose activities/finances, and label distributed materials.\n- 18 U.S.C. \u00a7 951: Separate criminal statute for acting in the U.S. as an agent of a foreign government without notifying the Attorney General.\n- Lobbying disclosure: Lobbying Congress/executive officials triggers registration/reporting (LDA). If the ultimate client is a foreign principal and the work is political/PR\u2011focused, FARA usually applies instead of LDA.\n- Tax status rules: 501(c)(3) groups must be nonpartisan (no candidate support/opposition) and have tight lobbying limits; 501(c)(4) can do more advocacy but still can\u2019t use foreign funds for election spending or let foreign nationals direct political expenditures.\n- Sanctions/terrorism laws: Funds or coordination with sanctioned or designated entities are prohibited.\n- Universities/charities transparency: Schools and some nonprofits must report significant foreign gifts/contracts; states require charitable solicitation registrations.",
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{
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  "map_content": "Sources you can check quickly:\n- Law on Public Associations No. 4572\u2011VI (English versions): FAOLEX (2021), ILO NATLEX (2023)\n- Law on Political Parties (Council of Europe/Venice Commission, 2021): https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-REF(2021)006\n- 2014 draft \u201cforeign agents\u201d bill (not adopted) at ICNL: https://www.icnl.org/resources/library/on-organizations-receiving-funding-from-abroad\n- CEDEM explainer on foreign NGOs operating in Ukraine (2022): https://cedem.org.ua/en/news/foreign-ngos-work-in-ukraine/\n- OSCE election observation references (2019): https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/6/9/439634_0.pdf\n- ECNL note on cancelation of e-declarations for activists: https://ecnl.org/sites/default/files/files/Ukrainian-Constitutional-Court-Cancels-Asset-Declaration-for-Activists.pdf",
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  "map_content": "@@gpt-5 Could you provide a summary of the some of the not-so-soft power meddling Russia is accused of doing in Ukraine over the course of the beginnings of the Orange revolution and beyond",
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{
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  "map_content": "@@gpt-5 did Russia have any similar NGO apparatus in Ukraine?",
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{
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  "map_content": "If you want, I can pull specific dates and official acts (e.g., the Kyiv decision on Rossotrudnichestvo\u2019s office, lists of Russkiy Mir centers in Ukrainian universities, or Gorchakov\u2011funded projects touching Ukraine).",
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  "map_content": "Short answer: Yes. Before 2014 Russia maintained a sizable \u201csoft\u2011power\u201d/NGO\u2011like ecosystem in Ukraine. Much of it was state\u2011directed (or para\u2011state) rather than independent NGOs. After 2014 many operations were curtailed or closed; by 2021\u20132022 most pro\u2011Kremlin outlets and organizations in Ukraine were shut down or banned.",
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  "map_content": "If you want, I can pull exact statutory articles (in English) on the foreign funding and party-finance bans.",
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  "map_content": "Bottom line: The U.S. (or any foreign) NGOs can operate in Ukraine if they register properly and stay out of party/campaign financing or electioneering. Ukraine has considered\u2014but not enacted\u2014Russian-style \u201cforeign agent\u201d rules, and it does not impose a FARA-like label. Wartime martial law has introduced separate, temporary constraints (e.g., on parties linked to Russian aggression and on holding elections), but the core CSO framework still allows foreign-funded NGO activity within these legal guardrails.",
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  "map_content": "Interesting, I hadnt seen this evidence before - but knew it was true:\r\n\r\nhttps://ecfr.eu/article/commentary_the_glazyev_tapes_getting_to_the_root_of_the_conflict_in_7165/\r\n\r\n@metamitya see the difference between speculation that turns out true due to eventual evidence and just speculation based on \"America is probably bad\"?",
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  "map_content": "- Election interference and political operations\n  - 2004 (Orange Revolution):\n    - Open Kremlin backing for Viktor Yanukovych (Putin endorsements, Russian political technologists/advisers embedded in his campaign).\n    - CIS \u201cobserver\u201d missions declaring the fraudulent 2nd\u2011round vote acceptable, in contrast to OSCE/Western monitors and Ukraine\u2019s Supreme Court, which annulled the results and ordered a revote.\n    - The Severodonetsk \u201cCongress\u201d of eastern/southern officials (Nov 2004) featuring Russian politicians, floating autonomy/federalization ideas to pressure Kyiv.\n    - Yushchenko poisoning: widely believed to have involved Ukrainian security/criminal networks; allegations have pointed to Russian-linked figures, but conclusive public proof of a Kremlin order has not been produced. Treat as contested.\n  - 2010\u20132013:\n    - Deep Kremlin alignment with Yanukovych\u2019s Party of Regions and pro\u2011Russian media/political networks in Ukraine (e.g., Viktor Medvedchuk\u2019s operations).\n    - Heavy economic/political pressure to derail the EU Association Agreement, culminating in Aug\u2013Nov 2013 customs/trade coercion and a December 2013 $15B loan and gas\u2011price deal to keep Ukraine in Moscow\u2019s orbit.",
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  "map_content": "Bottom line\nFrom 2004 onward, Russia\u2019s involvement went far beyond cultural outreach. It included political interference, economic coercion, covert action to incite separatism, cyber operations causing physical damage, and ultimately overt military force. That package is qualitatively different from standard NGO \u201csoft power\u201d and has been documented across courts, international investigations, and technical attributions.",
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  "map_content": "How to weigh the evidence\n- Strongly documented by independent bodies: Crimea annexation; direct Russian military role in Donbas; MH17 involvement; energy/trade coercion; major cyberattacks.\n- Substantial documentary/leak support: the Glazyev tapes; coordinated attempts to spark \u201cpeople\u2019s republics\u201d outside Donbas; CIS monitoring whitewashing 2004 fraud.\n- Contested or partially evidenced: direct Kremlin role in Yushchenko\u2019s poisoning; precise money flows to specific Ukrainian parties before 2014.",
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  "map_content": "- Penetration of Ukrainian security and political systems\n  - Long\u2011standing FSB/GRU infiltration and cultivation of Ukrainian officials (especially pre\u20112014), with multiple treason/collaboration cases opened after 2014 and again after 2022. Ukrainian authorities have detailed arrests/defections of security officials accused of aiding Russian ops.\n  - Financing and directing pro\u2011Kremlin parties/media: e.g., Viktor Medvedchuk\u2019s TV channels (112, NewsOne, ZIK) were sanctioned and taken off air in 2021 for allegedly funneling Russian influence and resources.",
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  "map_content": "What\u2019s well documented, beyond cultural/NGO \u201csoft power\u201d:",
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  "map_content": "- Coercive economic leverage (\u201cenergy and trade wars\u201d)\n  - Gas cutoffs in winters 2006 and 2009 amid pricing/transit disputes used as pressure on Kyiv (and indirectly on Europe).\n  - Targeted trade bans/\u201csanitary\u201d measures (e.g., Roshen chocolates in 2013), sudden customs slowdowns, and sectoral embargoes to punish policy moves.",
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{
  "txid": "58c155587a5cf32dea7e184446167394b815dcc28561feae0b55438dbc1ed016",
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  "map_content": "- Cyber operations and sabotage\n  - 2014: attempted hack of Ukraine\u2019s Central Election Commission; officials said results\u2011manipulation malware was neutralized hours before vote reporting.\n  - 2015 and 2016: power\u2011grid cyberattacks (BlackEnergy/Sandworm; CrashOverride/Industroyer) that caused actual blackouts\u2014attributed by Ukraine, the U.S., and research firms to Russian military intelligence actors.\n  - 2017: NotPetya wiper malware, launched via Ukrainian tax software, caused global damage; attributed by multiple governments to Russia.\n  - 2022 onward: destructive wipers, satellite comms disruption (Viasat KA\u2011SAT) at war\u2019s outset; continuing GRU/FSB cyber targeting of Ukrainian government and infrastructure.",
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  "map_content": "**Russia\u2019s not\u2011so\u2011soft meddling in Ukraine (from the Orange Revolution onward) \u2014 a concise overview**",
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{
  "txid": "884dc2f851311055c47047f18e81cd27f67d88341cf6dd5f08c79a08effcfac3",
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  "map_content": "- Covert orchestration of unrest and separatism (2014)\n  - Crimea: deployment of unmarked Russian special forces (\u201clittle green men\u201d), seizure of key sites, rushed referendum under military occupation, and annexation.\n  - Donbas: arming, funding, training, and command/control for proxy forces; presence of Russian regular units at key battles (Ilovaisk 2014, Debaltseve 2015); cross\u2011border artillery strikes from Russian territory (independent open\u2011source documentation).\n  - MH17: the Dutch\u2011led Joint Investigation Team (JIT) and a Dutch court found the Boeing 777 was downed by a Russian\u2011supplied Buk system moved from and returned to Russia; multiple individuals linked to Russian/security structures were convicted in absentia.\n  - \u201cGlazyev tapes\u201d (2016 releases by Ukrainian investigators): recordings of Kremlin aide Sergey Glazyev allegedly coordinating and funding pro\u2011Russian actions (seizing admin buildings, staging \u201creferenda\u201d) in Odesa, Kharkiv, and other cities in early 2014. These provide rare primary\u2011source evidence of direction from Moscow.",
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{
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  "map_content": "**Short answer:** Leonid Kuchma (president 1994\u20132005) pursued a \u201cmulti\u2011vector\u201d balance between Russia and the West. He was neither reliably pro\u2011Russia nor clearly pro\u2011EU/NATO across his whole tenure. Moscow cultivated close ties and had leverage (especially via energy), and toward the end of his presidency he backed Viktor Yanukovych, whom Russia strongly supported. But Kuchma also advanced EU and NATO links and at times clashed with the Kremlin.",
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{
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  "map_content": "Bottom line\n- Was he \u201cpro\u2011Russia\u201d? He maintained close working relations and leaned that way at key moments (especially around the 2004 succession), but he was not a straightforward Kremlin proxy.\n- Was he \u201cpro\u2011Europe\u201d? He advanced formal ties with the EU/NATO and at times signaled a Western course, but implementation lagged and domestic authoritarian drift undercut it.\n- Connection to Putin: Yes\u2014regular, pragmatic dealings, cooperation on integration projects, and visible alignment during the 2004 election cycle\u2014tempered by notable disputes like Tuzla.",
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  "map_content": "@@gpt-5 Where was Kuchma on pro-Russia vs pro-Europe. was he supported by Russia? Was there any connection between him and Putin?",
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{
  "txid": "3828e267ff98a2f738eac26d71b5b551e02ff0abceec86681a95202848239d8b",
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  "map_content": "Bottom line: The Orange Revolution was driven chiefly by domestic grievances and election fraud, amplified by years of civic mobilization that the Gongadze case helped catalyze. Russia clearly interfered in favor of Yanukovych, but there\u2019s no solid public evidence that Moscow was behind the Gongadze murder. The poisoning of Yushchenko is the episode most often linked to possible Russian involvement, but conclusive proof of a Kremlin order hasn\u2019t been made public.",
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  "map_content": "Ties with Europe/NATO\n- EU: The EU\u2013Ukraine Partnership and Cooperation Agreement entered into force in 1998. In 2002 Kuchma formally declared European integration a strategic goal; Ukraine joined the EU\u2019s nascent Neighborhood Policy framework.\n- NATO: 1997 NATO\u2013Ukraine Charter on a Distinctive Partnership; in 2002 Kyiv announced the goal of eventual NATO membership and adopted a NATO\u2013Ukraine Action Plan. Momentum later cooled amid domestic scandals and democratic backsliding.",
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  "map_content": "Ties with Russia\n- 1997 treaties: Signed the Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation and Partnership with Russia and the Black Sea Fleet basing agreements (Sevastopol rights through 2017), signaling pragmatic cooperation.\n- Energy/economy: Deep dependence on Russian gas and trade gave Moscow leverage; periodic pricing/debt disputes were a constant.\n- With Putin (2000\u20132004): Regular engagement and initiatives like the 2003 Single Economic Space (with Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan). But there were frictions\u2014most notably the 2003 Tuzla Island/Kerch Strait dispute, where Kuchma defended Ukraine\u2019s borders against Russian encroachment.\n- 2004 succession: Kuchma backed his PM, Yanukovych; Putin openly favored Yanukovych and Russian political technologists advised his campaign. This was the clearest pro\u2011Moscow alignment under Kuchma.",
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  "map_content": "@@gpt-5 What about what caused the Orange revolution? I recall the murder of a journalist. Did that have anything to do with Russian meddling?",
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  "map_content": "How to place him on the spectrum:\n- Overall posture: Multi\u2011vector hedging. He tried to extract benefits from both Moscow and Brussels/Washington.",
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  "map_content": "- Where Russian meddling is well\u2011attested around 2004:\n  - Strong, overt support for Yanukovych (Putin\u2019s endorsements; Russian political technologists embedded in his campaign; favorable coverage via pro\u2011Russian media networks).\n  - CIS \u201cobserver\u201d missions whitewashed the fraudulent vote, in contrast to OSCE findings and the Ukrainian Supreme Court.\n  - The Severodonetsk gathering of regional officials (with Russian politicians present) floated federalization/autonomy amid the crisis, seen as pressure on Kyiv.\n  - Yushchenko\u2019s dioxin poisoning (Sept 2004) remains contested. Ukrainian investigators later implicated figures including ex\u2011SBU deputy Volodymyr Satsyuk (who fled to Russia), and Yushchenko alleged Russian involvement. However, a definitive, court\u2011established Kremlin role has not been publicly proven.",
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  "map_content": "- Core triggers (late 2004):\n  - Widespread fraud in the Nov 21 presidential runoff between Viktor Yushchenko and Viktor Yanukovych (documented by OSCE and domestic observers).\n  - Media bias and abuse of administrative resources under the incumbent authorities.\n  - Mass, peaceful mobilization in Kyiv (and beyond) after results were announced for Yanukovych; Ukraine\u2019s Supreme Court annulled the runoff and ordered a revote, which Yushchenko won on Dec 26.",
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  "map_content": "@metamitya The reason I ask about Kuchma is it helps understand the political backdrop of Ukrainian fervent opposition to politicians associated with and supporting Russia. Kutchma was implicated in the murder of a journalist - one that was investigating corrupt Ukraine officials - for the purpose of silencing him.\r\n\r\nCan you imagine how much public backlash there would be for tapes offering pretty compelling evidence (at least to the public) that a US president ordered the killing of a journalist investigating his corruption?\r\n\r\nThis sparked significant protests. Ukraine authorities ofcourse responded really harshly (and predictably blamed foreign influence)\r\n\r\nKuchma went on to support Yanukovich who was clearly the Putin backed candidate as referenced above (Kremlin political advisors in his campaign for eg.) \r\n\r\nYanukovich was then involved in the Orange revolution due to evidence of Russian backed election interference. With many, continued examples of Russian hard power interference (including the alleged poisoning of the pro-European candidate)\r\n\r\nSo basically - anybody in Ukraine with the slightest bit of traditional Western ideology inclination where they believed in limiting Government corruption - its hard to imagine how infuriated they would be at Kuchma and Yanukovich and their legacy of corruption and Russian interference.\r\n\r\nAnd ultimately, by 2014 - a very large portion of the Ukrainian population WAS western ideologically inclined. And GOOD. And all the better if it was incubated or supported by American NGOs...\r\n\r\n So when the democratically elected Yanukovich started to cave to further Russian pressure and interference, don't tell me the Maidan protests that erupted weren't justified given the very recent legacy of Yanukovich and his predecessor:\r\n\r\n- Killing an anti corruption journalist\r\n- Violently stamping out protests\r\n- The popularly held belief that Russia tried to assassinate Yanukovich's rival in the presidential campaign\r\n- Proven election fraud by the Putin backed candidate\r\n- im sure im missing stuff\r\n\r\nGiven how close you were to justifying revolution in the face of Trumps fraud accusations, how could you possibly say \"Yanukovich was democratically elected, they shouldnt have tried tried to push him out - they started the civil war\"",
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  "map_content": "I should put it more delicately - You can see and understand the rising tide of frustration in Ukrainian society to corruption and Russian influence. You can see it in the repeated growing protest movements - first Kuchma, then Orange Revolution, then Maidan. In rapid succession. \r\n\r\nWhether it was politically prudent for them to show up in force in Maidan and demand resignation is debatable - but to me its undeniable that most reasonable people would feel morally justified violently resisting a presidency that sought closer ties to the Kremlin given the recent history of corruption and Kremlin interference.\r\n\r\nThere's no need to posit American influence. Just look at Russian influence and the extent of corruption and you should understand the heart of Maidan protesters.\r\n\r\nTake your feelings about Trump and the deep state and the battle that raged there - but multiply it by 1000 with 100% more actual, undeniable evidence - and tell me you don't commiserate with and understand Maidan",
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